Air traffic controllers are responsible for directing air traffic based upon decisions made from traffic activity depicted on 2Dimensional (2D) radar displays. Controllers must identify aircraft and detect potential conflicts while simultaneously developing and executing plans of action to ensure safe separation is maintained. With a nearly 100% increase in traffic expected within the next decade (FAA, 2012a), controllers’ abilities to rapidly interpret spacing and maintain awareness for longer durations with increased workload will become increasingly imperative to safety.

关键词：控制器；立体；3D显示效果；数字雷达；空中交通控制器

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Varicella usually is a self-limited disease but sometimes can result in severe complications and death. Although infants, adults, and immunocompromised persons are at increased risk for severe disease, before varicella vaccine was introduced in 1995, the majority of hospitalizations and deaths from varicella occurred among healthy persons aged <20 years. Introduction of varicella vaccine has substantially decreased varicella incidence, hospitalizations, and deaths in the United States. This report describes a varicella death in an unvaccinated, previously healthy adolescent aged 15 years. In April 2012, as part of the routine review of vital statistics records, the Ohio Department of Health identified a 2009 death with the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision code for varicella as the underlying cause. Because varicella deaths are nationally reportable, the Ohio Department of Health conducted an investigation to validate that the coding was accurate. Investigators learned that, on March 12, 2009, the adolescent girl was admitted to a hospital with a 3-day history of a rash consistent with varicella and a 1-day history of fever and shortness of breath. The patient was started on intravenous acyclovir (on day 4 of illness) and broad-spectrum antibiotics and antifungals, but she died 3 weeks later. The case underscores the importance of varicella vaccination, including catch-up vaccination of older children and adolescents, to prevent varicella and its serious complications.

关键词：水痘;死亡;青少年;住院;感染性疾病

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This paper describes a fault tolerant switching loop control study case for a three water tank laboratory setup with sensors and actuators redundancies. Fault diagnosis and tolerance are two main characteristics of intelligent setups when closed-loop control is used for large complex systems. Discrete adaptive LQG (linear quadratic) and Fuzzy fault tolerant controllers, for nominal situation, are presented and tested in the laboratory setup. For abrupt fault situation (structural fault), switching from one controller to another based on controller performance evaluation using PCA (principal component analysis) technique is implemented. The main contributions are: (a) proposed approach based on PCA to detect structural faults; (b) performance assessment based on performance index through Mahalanobis distance using T~2 statistics and (c) control switching between LQG and Fuzzy controllers based on the performance index. Experimental results applied to a three-tank laboratory setup in the presence of a structural fault are shown to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach.

关键词：控制器；自适应控制；LQG；模糊控制器；容错控制系统

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NIST conducted a survey (Office of Management and Budget, Control No. 1090-0007) of the emergency medical services (EMS) professionals in December 2011. The objective of the survey is to aid in the development of design standards for the patient compartment in ambulances and to measure customer satisfaction with current design standards. A total of 2,537 responses were collected and provided insight into their work environment such as seating, occupancy, ergonomics, restraint systems, communications. The survey also provides information regarding their ability to perform in the patient compartment of ambulances such as the reach and usage of equipment and supplies. This report summarizes the quantifiable data collected from the survey responses. The survey supports a larger effort that is addressing performance and safety issues associated with the design of emergency medical services (EMS) vehicles, including the development of standards for the design of patient compartments in ambulances.

关键词：救护车;患者;车厢;紧急医疗服务;医疗器械

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In this paper, we present a controller design strategy for the implementation of a multicontroller structure for single-input single-output (SISO) plants. The overall control system can be viewed as a feedback interconnection of a SISO plant, a set of candidate controllers and a switched selection scheme that supervises the switching process among the candidate controllers. The switching scheme is designed without explicit assumptions on the plant model, based on the unfalsified control concept. A switched multicontroller structure is implemented and experimental results are presented.

关键词：控制器；非参数模型；复合；开关

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关键词：控制器；智能灌溉；评价

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Objectives The aim of this study was to compare 3D accuracy of tooth image reconstruction from three kinds of CT scans using 3D superimpositional method.Methods 18 sound extracted human teeth were scanned by 3D optical system,spiral CT,micro-CT,and conebeam CT scanner.The digital teeth images reconstructed from three kinds of CT scans were superimposed onto the standard image from optical scans respectively.Distribution patterns of shape discrepancy were presented using histogram,as well as showed in different colors on the superimposed imagines.The ratio of voluminal discrepancy versus the volume of the standard image (RvD/VS) was calculated and analyzed,using the matched-pair t-test and rank sum test.Results Compared with the standard tooth image,the average RVD/VS of digital teeth images by the micro-CT,cone-beam CT,spiral CT scans were 5.11％,20.73％,24.60％ respectively,and there were statistically significant difference among the three kinds of CT scans (P＜0.01).Significant difference were also found among the anterior teeth,bicuspids,and molars (P＜0.01).Histogram gave the description about the counts and magnitude of the discrepancies.Marked by difference colors,the superimposed images could give visualized information about the magnitude and distribution patterns of discrepancies.Conclusions The digital teeth models reconstructed from the spiral CT,micro-CT,cone-beam CT images are inhomogeneous enlarged,compared with the original models.As the only realizable way to individualized FEM analysis,tooth modeling by CT scans needs more efforts and refinements to improve its accuracy.

关键词：有限元法;牙科影像;几何重建;电脑断层扫描;医疗设备

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The VA Office of Inspector General (OIG) Office of Healthcare Inspections conducted an inspection to evaluate how the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) followed up on the inappropriate use of insulin pens at the VA Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY (the Buffalo facility), and to determine what controls VHA has in place to minimize the risk of other incidents involving insulin pens and similar devices. We conducted the inspection at the request of the Ranking Member, Senate Committee on Veterans Affairs to look at issues related to VHAs management of patient safety alerts, new medical products and devices, and infection prevention activities. We prepared a separate report on the specific circumstances of the misuse at the Buffalo facility. VHAs internal assessments following the Buffalo incident did not include clear, standard guidance to facilities on how to perform and document their audits of insulin pen use, and we found no documentation to support their internal reviews and significant variation in how facilities conducted their reviews. However, our onsite work at 4 facilities, including interviews with over 150 nurses, found no evidence of widespread, systemic reuse of insulin pens on multiple patients. The majority of nurses we spoke to understood that insulin pens were intended for single-patient use. Furthermore, on January 17, 2013, VHA generally prohibited the use of multi-dose insulin pens on inpatient units, effective February 4, 2013.

关键词：卫生保健设施；医疗设备；卫生保健技术；胰岛素

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The Ride Motion Simulator (RMS), located at the U.S. Army Tank Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center's (TARDEC) Ground Vehicle Simulation Laboratory (GVSL) in Warren, Michigan, is a high-performance, six degree-of-freedom (DOF), single occupant motion base designed to recreate the 'ride' of nearly any ground vehicle with high precision and accuracy. The simulator has two vehicle cabs that are essentially space frames that allow for a variety of vehicle configurations. The simulator was specifically designed for crew station and human-in-the-loop experiments. The RMS has a much higher bandwidth than most traditional driving simulators enabling it to recreate the high-frequency vibration often found in military vehicles traversing rough, cross-country terrains. The RMS was previously safety certified by both the U.S. Army Tank-automotive and Armaments Command (TACOM) and U.S. Army Developmental Test Command Safety Offices and was originally man-rated for operator-in-the-loop experiments. The writing of this report marks the replacement of the simulator's electronic controller with a custom Moog Test Controller. This report documents the analysis of the new motion controller for the RMS designed, built and installed for TARDEC by Moog, Inc. (East Aurora, NY). It provides system and component descriptions and a specific hazard analysis of the entire system. While this effort only replaces the electronic controls of the simulator, all simulator system and component descriptions are presented here for completeness. The scope of this analysis is the systematic assessment of the real and potential hazards associated with the RMS. This report is an attempt to identify hazards and to discuss the elimination or control of the identified hazards.

关键词：控制器；骑行；运动模拟器；安全评价

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Sensing based on carbon nanotube (CNT) materials has been as area of interest since the material's discovery by Iijima in 1991 (Nature 1991, 354, 56:58), and an active area of research once CNT availability began to increase via the innovations of Smalley and others (Chem Phys Lett 1995, 243, 49:54). The work presented in this report was conducted at Rice University under contract W911NF-11-1-0249. Here, it is shown that the use of high weight percentage CNT medium density polyethylene (MDPE) composites has suitability towards the sensing of nerve agent stimulants such as dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP). The results indicate a possible binary composite approach to sensing, using two variants of CNT. As this work progresses, optimization of the CNT towards sensing DMMP through functionalization is suggested, as is improvement to the experimental apparatus to add functionality, such as controlled and active flow, at a fixed temperature relevant to the application.

关键词：碳纳米管;神经毒气;聚乙烯;检测;灵敏度;纳米材料

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