Acute lung injury (ALI) is a complex condition associated with diffuse injury to the distal alveolar epithelial gas exchange surface, resulting in marked impairment in the ability to oxygenate blood. This condition commonly afflicts patients with cancer. In this regard, cancer patients are especially susceptible to developing ALI due to the immunosuppressive and toxic effects of chemotherapy and the debilitating effects of cancer. The over-arching goal of our application is to develop ventilatory and cell based strategies to treat the ALI syndromes. In Project 1, we proposed to develop a novel mode of ventilation (variable ventilation) that will minimize the injurious effects of conventional mechanical ventilation in patients with ALI. In the past year, we have successfully developed software to allow for programming the titration of inspiratory flow and inspiratory time on the ventilator to patient comfort for variable ventilation. Most notably, we have obtained an approved IND from the FDA to proceed with the human study as originally proposed. To proceed, we plan to submit and obtain approval of the FDA s required changes in our protocol with our local institutional IRB. Once this has been achieved, we will request DoD human subjects review and approval. In the preclinical Project 2 we proposed to develop a cell based therapy for ALI. In the past year, we have successfully developed protocols for the differentiation of embryonic stem cells into distal lung alveolar epithelial cells. . These cells were found to engraft in a de-cellularized lung preparation with the morphological appearance of alveolar epithelium. In the future, we hope to utilize these derivative lung epithelial cells to treat ALI induced in mice.

关键词：肺;干细胞;创伤和损伤;肿瘤;细胞(生物学);临床医学,计算机编程

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This paper describes the application of the optimization algorithm based on particle swarms known by its acronym as PSO, used to adjust the parameters of membership functions of a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) to find the optimal intelligent control for a wheeled autonomous mobile robot. Results of several simulations show that the PSO is able to optimize the type-1 and type 2 FLCs for this specific application.

关键词：控制器；粒子群算法；自主移动机器人；模糊控制器；优化隶属度函数

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Over-expression of LIGHT has been show in various tumor models to induce tumor regression and tumor immunogencity. However, the models are based on transplanted tumors that express artificial foreign antigens that function as tumor antigens, LIGHT has never been evaluated in prostate cancer, where self-antigens likely exist. We have provided the first evidence that LIGHT- induced T cells are specific for at least one relevant prostate expressed self- antigen, PSCA. We have also demonstrated that LIGHT treatment in prostate cancer has a positive effect on the tumor microenvironment, which suggests a strong likelihood that combination treatment with LIGHT and immunotherapeutic vaccination will have an impact against primary and possibly metastatic prostate cancer. Thus, therapeutic intervention by delivering LIGHT to the tumors may serve the dual purpose of inhibiting immune-suppression mediated by regulatory T cells while simultaneously activating tumor-specific immune responses, which we hope to demonstrate can be boosted by vaccination. This study may potentially provide a practical means of overcoming tumor-mediated immunosuppressive mechanisms in a variety of solid human tumors, including those of the prostate, which would have important implications for patients who are diagnosed at the later stages of disease and currently have no recourse for treatment.

关键词：前列腺癌;免疫疗法;转移;T淋巴细胞;治疗

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关键词：控制器；多目标进化算法；分数阶控制器

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About one-third of patients with cancer have metastases that are detected at the time their cancer is first diagnosed, and an additional third of patients have metastases that are too small to be detected by usual diagnostic tests. These micrometastases, however, will eventually grow into clinically significant metastases if the patient receives no treatment or local treatment of the primary tumor only. Metastatic breast cancer is a disease with low survival rates. The treatment of metastatic breast cancer involves the palliation of symptoms by reducing the tumor's size and growth rate. Currently, the effectiveness of therapy is determined by a series of tests. Imaging tests may include bone scan, radiograph, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT). Blood tests may include tumor markers, such as CA 27.29 and CA 15-3. The detection of circulating tumor cells has been proposed as a method to assess response to treatment of metastatic breast cancer. The detection of tumor cells may have clinical utility in risk stratification in early breast cancer, in early detection of relapse, and in monitoring the response to treatment. The circulating cells appear to have characteristics of tumor cells and may be identified in the peripheral blood of patients with cancer. The techniques that have been used to detect circulating tumor cells include cytometric and nucleic acid based approaches. The cytometric approaches use immunocytochemical methods to identify and characterize the individual tumor cells. Nucleic acid-based approaches detect the DNA and RNA sequences that are differentially expressed in tumor cells and normal blood components. The purpose of this study is to determine whether WAVE3, a metastasis promoter gene, can be used as a predictive marker for the progression and metastasis of breast cancer, using immunohistochemistry on human breast cancer tumors of different stages of breast cancer.

关键词：乳腺癌;转移;血液分析;化疗;检测;诊断(一般);增长(通用);图像;核酸

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Modern conventional submarines use diesel generators to provide power for propulsion and the hotel load. The governor, often a proportional- integral controller, attempts to maintain a constant speed by regulating the fuel flow to compensate for the back pressure disturbances due to the underwater exhaust. Poor control can cause fluctuating exhaust gas temperatures, leading to increased wear and reduced reliability. This paper develops a low order engine model which is then used to investigate the performance benefits that can be obtained through proper tuning of the governor control parameters. It is found that the engine exhibits stable behaviour over a very wide range of controller gains, and that tuning the governor solely to minimise the engine speed fluctuations may not minimise the exhaust gas temperature fluctuations.

关键词：控制器；潜艇柴油机；调速器控制；参数设置

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We develop and describe a stable gain scheduling controller for a gas turbine engine that drives a variable pitch propeller. A stability proof is developed for gain scheduled closed-loop system using global linearization and linear matrix inequality (LMI) techniques. Using convex optimization tools, a single quadratic Lyapunov function is computed for multiple linearizations near equilibrium and non-equilibrium points of the nonlinear closed-loop system. This approach guarantees stability of the closedloop gas turbine engine system. Simulation results show the developed gain scheduling controller is capable of regulating a turboshaft engine for large thrust commands in a stable fashion with proper tracking performance.

关键词：控制器；增益调度控制；燃气涡轮发动机

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The holistic approach to PID controller tuning, which involves the coordinated use of modified relay feedback test and tuning rules, is presented in this chapter. It is shown that with this approach, specifications to gain margin or phase margin can be satisfied. Performance requirements to a number of typical industrial processes are analysed, and optimal tuning rules for the modified relay feedback test application are produced on the basis of this analysis.

关键词：控制器；继电反馈测试；PID控制器；定时

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Servicemembers with combat-related limb loss often require substantial rehabilitative care. The prevalence of traumatic brain injury (TBI), which may impair cognitive and functional abilities, among servicemembers has increased. The primary objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of TBI among servicemembers with traumatic amputation and examine whether TBI status was associated with discharge to civilian status and medical and rehabilitative service use postamputation. U.S. servicemembers who had a combat- related amputation while deployed in Iraq or Afghanistan between 2001 and 2006 were followed for 2 yr postamputation. Data collected includes injury mechanism; postinjury complications; Injury Severity Score (ISS); and follow-up data, including military service discharge status and number of medical, physical, occupational therapy, and prosthetic-related visits. Of the 546 servicemembers with combat-related amputations, 127 (23.3) had a TBI diagnosis. After adjusting for ISS and amputation location, those with TBI had a significantly greater mean number of medical and rehabilitative outpatient and inpatient visits combined (p less than 0.01). Those with TBI were also at greater odds of developing certain postinjury complications. We recommend that providers treating servicemembers with limb loss should assess for TBI because those who sustained TBI required increased medical and rehabilitative care.

关键词：截肢;军事人员;创伤性脑损伤;爆炸;物理治疗;假肢

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关键词：控制器；容错传感节点；智能；涡轮发动机

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