This case study was completed in response to a company request to investigate the release of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) during cutting and sanding of composite panels containing CNTs. To evaluate the release of CNTs, a ventilated enclosure was built to capture and mix the emissions from sanding and cutting composite panels. The ventilation system consisted of a partial enclosure around the band saw, a metal duct, and a clean air machine that provided air flow and filtration. The volumetric air flow through the test system was 1,072 cubic feet per minute (cfm), with a hood face velocity of 197 feet per minute (fpm). The panel sanding and cutting was performed inside the hood face to reduce workers dust exposure and to capture emissions for characterization. The process emissions were well mixed because of the inclusion of a baffle and a 90DG elbow upstream of the sampling location. A portable air exhaust system exhausted air through the enclosure, the 90DG elbow, and the 12-inch-diameter duct.

关键词：空气污染；空气污染控制；加工材料；粒子排放

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关键词：空气污染；空气质量；技术支持文件模型

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This document contains 9 papers that study algorithmic development and preliminary testing of an ecodrive application; comparative analysis of car-following models for emissions estimations; comparisons of locomotive emissions during dynamometer versus rail yard engine load tests; the ratio of in-vehicle to near-vehicle exposure concentrations of airborne fine particles; and, emission benefits of commercial vehicle lane management strategies. This issue also studies environmentally conscious highway design for vertical grades; a fuel consumption prediction model for buses; discretionary passenger vehicle idling behaviors by season and trip stage; and, a statistical study of variables associated with particulate matter exposure levels at bus shelters.

关键词：空气污染；空气质量；运输研究

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Provides a uniform approach to calculating air pollutant emissions for the most common mobile sources found at Air Force installations. This guide is the Air Force's single authoritative resource for mobile source emission estimating algorithms and emission factors.

关键词：空气污染；空军移动源；空气排放指南

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This Technical Support Document (TSD) describes the development of the emissions inventories used as inputs to the air quality modeling that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) performed to assess the impact of the proposed Tier 3 vehicle and fuel emission standards for cars and trucks. This document provides the details of emissions modeling done to support the development of the Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA) for the Tier 3 Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM), hereafter referred to as the Tier 3 NPRM. The emissions inventories were generated using the Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE) modeling system version 2.7 and processed into the form required by the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. CMAQ simulates the numerous physical and chemical processes involved in the formation, transport, and destruction of ozone, particulate matter and air toxics.

关键词：空气污染；空气质量；技术支持文档建模；3级排放标准

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This study was conducted in Bakersfield, CA to investigate the emissions sources and chemistry controlling aerosol production in the southern San Joaquin Valley Air Basin (SJVAB) a region that is current ly out of compliance with ambient air quality standards for ozone and particulate matter. The primary objective was to invest igate the contributions of various sources to organic aerosol (OA) and the formation pathways of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and subsequently provide insights into effective control strategies to reduce air pollution. An in-situ thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TAG) instrument, equipped with a pm2.5 sharp-cut cyclone, was deployed to measure organic species in both gas and particle phases during the California at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex) measurement campaign from May 31st through June 27th, 2010. More than 100 compounds were quantified, including alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), branched PAHs, acids, furanones, and oxygenated compounds, which provided a large set of organic species for the investigation of SOA format ion through comparison between modeled and measured gas/part icle partitioning of Known SOA tracers and OA source apportionment through positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis.

关键词：空气污染；有机气溶胶；标记化合物；每小时原位定量

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A CHARMM molecular mechanics force field for lignin is derived. Parameteriza- tion is based on reproducing quantum mechanical data of model compounds. Partial atomic charges are derived by the examination of methoxybenzene: water interactions. Dihedral parameters are optimized by fitting to critical rotational potentials, and bonded parameters are obtained by optimizing vibrational frequencies and normal modes. The force field is validated by performing a molecular dynamics simulation of a crystal of a lignin fragment molecule and comparing simulation-derived structural features with experimental results. Together with the existing force field for polysaccharides, this work will enable full simulations of lignocellulose.

关键词：纤维素；乙醇；生物质转化；生物质能；分子动力学

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Revegetation of high elevation decomposed granite cut-slopes often requires repeated applications of soil amendments to attain sustained vegetative cover. Plant transects from slopes west of the Eisenhower Tunnel from 2007 to 2012 showed that cover was generally stable during this period. Soil fertility tests indicated that nutrients are generally low but still comparable to disturbed-but-revegetated reference plots. Soil organic matter and slow-release forms of nitrogen (N) may be a potential limiting factor. The N release rates of several common CDOT soil amendments were evaluated in a multi-year, field incubation experiment. Test results indicate a wide range of N release availability from nearly immediate to fairly slow release rates. Of the slow-release materials, about 74of total N content was released the first growing season, another 7in the following two years, while about 19was still retained in a more stable organic matter form at the end of the experiment. The study suggests that after several applications of slow-release amendments, vegetative cover on these cut-slopes is stabilizing. Implementation - Slopes that show signs of vegetation thinning should be re-amended promptly with modest amounts of slowly available N. Established stands or sites with more moderate growth conditions may be able to take up much of the available N from larger applications of these slow-release amendments. But on newly seeded sites in high elevation conditions with slow growth potential, the plants may not be large enough to capture N as it is released. An amendment with high carbon such as wood chips or shreds may immobilize excess N by incorporating it into microbial biomass as the mulch degrades. This mulch layer would also help retain organic duff to rebuild the soil. Combinations of existing organic amendments may provide slower, more long-lasting N release. Development of a soil test to specifically measure slowly releasing organic N would improve monitoring and management of erosive slopes.

关键词：公路；侵蚀控制；排水；植被；生物质能

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The SunShot Incubator project is a significant effort of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to partner with U.S. industry to accelerate the commercialization of solar energy systems that can meet aggressive cost and capacity goals by the end of the decade. Specifically, the SunShot Incubator projects fund technologies with a disruptive potential to reach the DOE SunShot Initiative goal of an unsubsidized cost-competitive levelized cost of energy by the end of the decade. This is estimated to be approximately 6 cents/kW-hr at utility scale.

关键词：太阳能；低成本；磁悬浮定日镜；技术报告

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Manufacturing strength is linked closely to the innovative potential and competitiveness of nations. In many sectors, innovative methods and ideas are generated and perfected through the process of making things. In recognition, a recent Report of the Presidents Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) and the Presidents Innovation and Technology Advisory Committee (PITAC) emphasized the critical importance of advanced manufacturing in driving knowledge production and innovation in the United States.1 Manufacturing companies play a vital role in the economic growth, high skill employment, and competitiveness of the United States economy. They are responsible for over two-thirds of business and industrial R&D, employing the majority of domestic scientists and engineers. Furthermore, manufacturing R&D is the dominant source of innovative new service-sector technologies that reach beyond the manufacturing arena.2 The Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP)a program of the U.S. Department of Commerces National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)has sought for more than two decades to strengthen American manufacturing. It is a national network of affiliated manufacturing extension centers and field offices located throughout all fifty states and Puerto Rico. Qualified MEP Centers work directly with small and medium manufacturing firms in their state or sub-state region, providing expertise, services and assistance directed to foster growth, improve supply chain positioning, leverage emerging technologies, upgrade manufacturing processes, develop work force training, and apply and implement new information.

关键词：制造业；方案评价；政府/行业关系；先进制造技术

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