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2731.由不同的粉末冶金加工路线对微观结构和Ti-6AI-7NB合金的性能比较
[黑色金属冶炼和压延加工业] [2014-08-06]
The Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy was specially developed to replace the well-known Ti-6A1-4V alloy in biomedical applications due to supposed cytotoxicity of vanadium in the human body. This alloy is normally fabricated by conventional ingot metallurgy by forging bulk material. Nevertheless, powder metallurgy techniques could be used to obtain this alloy with specific properties. This is because by changing the processing parameters, such as the sintering temperature, it is possible to vary the porosity level and to tailor the final properties. This work deals with the production of the Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy by means of the master alloy addition variant of the blending elemental approach. The powder is processed by means of different powder metallurgy routes considering diverse processing conditions for each method. The materials are characterised in terms of microstructural features, relative density and hardness. Homogeneous microstructures as well as properties comparable to those of the wrought alloy are generally obtained.
关键词：TI-6AL-7NB；钛粉末冶金；混合元素（BE）；母合金
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2732.ExcellenceFY12-14的乳腺癌转译研究中心
[医药制造业] [2014-08-06]
The WRNMMC Clinical Breast Care Project/Winder Research Institute will help lead the way in the 21st century in the crusade against breast disorders. The project will utilize a multidisciplinary approach as the standard of care for treating breast diseases and breast cancer. This multidisciplinary model integrates prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment and continuing care, but the project is further unique in the incorporation of advances in risk reduction, informatics, tissue banking and research. These efforts focus on decreasing the morbidity and mortality of breast cancer among American women.
关键词：乳腺癌；临床医学；预防医学；生物医学
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2733.用于提高热回收的生物质锅炉
[电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业] [2014-08-06]
Combustion of biomass has been used by industry to produce steam and power for many years, but new technologies are being introduced to better recover the energy from biomass as well as to produce a synthetic gas (syngas) that can be used as a starting point in the production of automotive and diesel fuels as well as higher value chemicals. It is of significance that operating temperatures in combustion and gasification systems are often restricted by materials limitations resulting from the degradation of materials in the highest temperature areas. For systems recovering heat and/or generating steam, operating limits are often imposed by degradation of the superheater tubes that recover heat from the combustion gases at the highest temperatures. The steam temperature of biomass fueled boilers is limited by high temperature corrosion of superheater alloys in the ash deposit/flue gas environment. During visits with European researchers and boiler manufacturers and operators, it was learned that advanced European biomass boilers combine design modifications, process changes and corrosion resistant alloys to achieve substantially higher steam temperatures and efficiencies than U.S. biomass boilers. Design modifications to reduce superheater corrosion include adding an empty pass between the furnace and the superheater, installing cool tubes to trap low melting temperature chlorine deposits ahead of the superheater, heating the final superheater in the recirculated fluidizing medium of a circulating fluidized bed boiler, operating with a slagging superheater, designing superheaters for quick replacement, raising the superheater temperature above the dew point of the most corrosive deposits and installing an external superheater fired by a less-corrosive fuel. Process changes include diluting corrosive biomaterials with less-corrosive fuels, adding high sulfur fuels to convert alkali chlorides to lower melting temperature sulfates before they reach the superheater, washing chlorides out of agricultural residues and adding chemicals that convert alkali chlorides to aluminosilicates.
关键词：生物质能;锅炉;燃烧;耐腐蚀性;设计;流化床燃烧器
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2734.华盛顿州生产生物炭和先进生物燃料方法。生物质能供应链和预处理技术文献综述第2部分。
[电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业] [2014-08-06]
Turning organic waste into resources like bio-fuels and other valuable products, in addition to recovering stable carbon and nutrients, promotes economic vitality and aides in the protection of the environment. This creates robust markets and sustainable jobs in multiple sectors of the economy and facilitates closed-loop material management where a by-product from one process becomes feedstock for another with no or minimal waste generated. The objective of this review is to describe existing technologies to create clean, non-polluting pyrolysis units for the production of energy, fuels and valuable by-products. The Department of Ecology and Washington State University provide this publication to help the public understand and take advantage of existing technologies to handle and pre-treat biomass resources that will be converted via fast or slow pyrolysis into liquid transportation fuels, bio-chemicals and biochar. Another goal of this project is to identify what new technologies need to be developed or what hurdles need to be overcome to convert organic waste resources available in Washington State into valuable products. This review does not represent an endorsement of the processes described and does not intend to exclude any technology or company offering similar services which, due to time and space limitations, was not cited in this report.
关键词：生物炭；燃料；热解；农作物；生物量；副产品；储碳
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2735.纳米材料的生命周期评价：迈向绿色纳米技术
[专用设备制造业,医药制造业] [2014-08-06]
Nanotechnology is expected to revolutionize many aspects of our lives, in a way traditional science and technology could not deliver. In fact, the current and potential applications of nanotechnology are rapidly growing. These applications cover an extremely broad range of markets and industries including biomedical & cancer treatments, renewable energy, environmental protection, pharmaceuticals, personal care, surface coatings, plastics, textiles, food, building materials, electronics and the automotive industries (see Chapter 1).
关键词：纳米技术；生物医药；癌症治疗；个人护理
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2736.生物物理表征和预测人体热响应美军防弹衣防护等级（BAPL）
[医药制造业] [2014-08-06]
There is no debate that body armor plays an indispensible role in protecting the lives of those engaged in combat operations. However, a complex tradeoff exists between the increased survivability enabled by body armor and added weight burden that has yet to be fully understood. Soldier mobility and agility due to the added weight burden, thermal burden, and decreased agility associated with encumbering body armor. The U.S. Army has currently drafted a capabilities development document (CDD) for outlining body armor protection levels (BAPL). This work has provided a quantified assessment of the biophysical characteristics of the currently established BAPL configurations and predictive estimates for safe maximum work intensities within three environmental conditions. Predictive modeling results show a relatively linear relationship between the increased protection and increased thermal burden of BAPL configurations. The results from this work support the recommendation to continue to seek modularization to individual protection systems to allow enable tradeoff of ballistic and thermal protection.
关键词：防弹衣；防护；热性能；生物物理学
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2737.拉曼散射病理学
[医药制造业] [2014-08-06]
Raman scattering is the inelastic scattering of light by chemical bonds, and can therefore show molecular specificity. It can be used both in pure spectroscopy mode, and in imaging mode. While many applications of Raman spectroscopy and imaging in the biomedical field have been so far demonstrated, the use of this technology for pathology applications is still in its early stages. In this paper we review some of the most important recent developments in this field, including a description of relevant technologies, applications to molecular sensing, characterization of cells and tissues of interest, and disease detection via Raman scattering.
关键词：拉曼散射；病理学；分子；生物医学
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2738.对手术手势的触觉模拟技术在骨科脊柱外科的发展
[专用设备制造业] [2014-08-06]
The objective of the present work is to develop a haptic system that will permit the demonstration of a proof of concept for the simulation of haptic effects typical of pediatric spine surgery. The first phase of this project focused on the development of a custom haptic system, and was followed by evaluation with experienced orthopedic surgeons. Initial findings demonstrate promise of this approach for further development into an advanced haptic system.
关键词：触觉模拟器；骨科；脊柱；手术；生物医学
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2739.汶川地震发生后，河水流量和含沙量变化分析
[水利、环境和公共设施管理业] [2014-08-06]
Wenchuan earthquake triggered floods, landslide, collapse and secondary geological disaster,trigger a new soil and water loss, having the significant influence to the local river water quality.According to shaba and jiangyou station 2006 January to 2011 December flow and sediment concentration data for statistical analysis, this paper discusses the disaster area river water and sediment changes on the influence of river water quality before and after the earthquake.Results show that,the monthly average flow change trend does not take place obvious change before and after the earthquake,during the earthquake the monthly average sediment concentration is higher than any other in the same period of monthly average sediment concentrationjiangyou station and shaba station the average daily flow rate on May has no obvious change before and after earthquake, the earthquake for different regional influence is different, different regions of different section of the average sediment coefficient has certain space diversity,in jiangyou station the average sediment coefficient before the earthquake is more than the average sediment coefficient after the earthquake but the change of average sediment coefficient in shaba station was not significant before and after the earthquake.
关键词：汶川地震；流量；泥沙和水环境；环境监测
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2740.火花点火内燃机的动态不稳定性高的废气再循环
[水利、环境和公共设施管理业] [2014-08-06]
We propose a cycle-resolved dynamic model for combustion instabilities in spark-ignition engines operating with high levels of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). We account for the complex combustion response to cycle-to-cycle feedback by utilizing a global probability distribution that describes the pre-spark state of in-cylinder fuel mixing. The proposed model does a good job of simulating combustion instabilities observed in both lean-fueling engine experiments and in experiments where nitrogen dilution is used to simulate some of the combustion inhibition of EGR. When used to simulate high internal EGR operation, the model exhibits a range of global bifurcations and chaos that appear to be very robust. We use the model to show that it should be possible to reduce high EGR combustion instabilities by switching from internal to external EGR.
关键词：空气污染；火花点火；内燃机；废气再循环
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