Pharmaceutical logistics is a specialized branch of logistics focused on the storage, transportation, and distribution of pharmaceutical products, including drugs, vaccines, medical devices, and related materials. This field plays a critical role in ensuring that pharmaceutical products reach healthcare providers and patients safely, efficiently, and in compliance with regulatory requirements.

Traditional Chinese tea, commonly referred to as oolong tea, is characterized by its oxidation level, which is between that of green tea and that of black tea. The leaves of oolong tea are derived from the same plant that is used to cultivate all types of tea in China, and the oxidation level of the tea is usually between 10% and 80%. This oxidation level gives oolong tea a distinctive flavor and aroma.

An otoscope is defined as a medical device that is designed to detect disorders associated with the ear and examine the hearing environment of the patient. Examination of the inner ear cavity and analysis of its function is one of the major tasks of audiologists. An otoscope device helps audiologists examine the ear canal and eardrum and physically diagnose ear-related conditions such as ear pain, discharge, irritation, infection, and redness.

An ostomy is a surgical procedure that is performed to create an opening in the abdomen to excrete waste products (feces and urine). Such surgical openings in the abdomen are known as artificial stoma. Based on the complications, artificial stomas can be temporary or permanent. People who undergo temporary ostomy procedures also undergo therapeutic procedures, which help to recover the intestine. In such cases, stomas can be reversed. In both temporary and permanent ostomy procedures, ostomy bags are attached to the stoma to collect the waste products. To enhance the performance and increase the comfort level, ostomy care accessories are used, which help to prevent leakage, prevent infection and skin rashes, and reduce the odor of wastes in ostomy bags.

Oligofructose, which is an insulin-derived fructus, consists of a sequence of fructose molecules attached to each other in a specific arrangement. The natural source of oligofructose, chicory root, is found in a variety of foods and beverages, as well as dietary supplements, where it is used as a dietary fiber and dietary sweetener with a low-calorie content.

Olive leaf extract is obtained from the leaves of the olive tree (Olea europaea), which has numerous health benefits. Oleuropein, which is the main component in olive leaf extract, has antibacterial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immune-stimulating properties.

Pharmaceutical continuous manufacturing is an innovative approach to drug production that involves the uninterrupted and sequential processing of raw materials into pharmaceutical products. Unlike traditional batch manufacturing, it eliminates interruptions, reduces production time, and offers enhanced quality control. Continuous manufacturing is a more efficient and cost-effective method that enhances drug consistency and helps the pharmaceutical industry respond more rapidly to market demands and regulatory changes.

Microbial agricultural inoculants are products that contain beneficial microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, or mycorrhizal fungi, which are applied to seeds, plants, or soil to enhance crop growth and improve soil health. These microorganisms form symbiotic relationships with plants, helping them access essential nutrients, fix atmospheric nitrogen, and protect against pathogens.

Medium-voltage motors are used in industrial drives for applications such as rolling mills; traveling cranes; rotary kilns; weaving and spinning; and compressors, pumps, and blowers. Medium-voltage motors are designed to operate at 600 volts (V) or more and less than 35 kilovolts (kV). However, the scope of the report is limited to the medium-voltage motors purchased by process and discrete industries as well as those used in commercial and industrial heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) applications.

A medical tubing expander is a specialized device utilized throughout the healthcare industry to reshape or enlarge medical tubing. It is intended to increase the inner diameter of a variety of medical tubes, including catheters and endotracheal tubes, to improve their flexibility and utility. Medical professionals need medical tubing expanders because they facilitate the insertion of these tubes and improve their functionality during a variety of medical operations, improving patient care and safety in the process.