Antibodies are the proteins produced by B-cells (in the bone marrow) in the immune system. These proteins attach themselves to antigens, which act as markers, and are then destroyed by phagocytes. B-cells produce different antibodies, which attach themselves to different sites of an antigen. mAbs are monospecific, as they are the clones of a single parent cell. They are complex proteins with high molecular weight, and were first developed in 1975 by Kohler and Milstein. mAbs are generally of three types, chimeric, humanized, and fully human, and are often used for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes.

Magnetic field sensors are devices used to sense and study the magnetic field around electrical devices, permanent magnets, and coils. These sensors are made of rotating sensor tip that measures transverse and longitudinal magnetic fields. Traditional magnetic field sensors facilitated navigation on oceans by sensing the magnetic poles of the Earth. Since then, the application of magnetic sensors has expanded to industrial use, for the detection of a magnetic field's strength, presence, and direction from soft magnets, permanent magnets, brain wave activity, vehicle disturbances, and fields generated from electric currents. Magnetic sensors are the primary navigation means for industrial control systems. The increasing demand for compact size, improved sensitivity, and compatibility to control systems has driven the need for magnetic field sensing technology.

Lyophilization or freeze drying is a dehydration process used to preserve perishable materials and transport them easily. It is an efficient method for drying various unstable, heat-sensitive, and aqueous products in various industries. The process is widely used in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to stabilize, store, and increase the shelf life of drug products and other biological molecules such as antibodies, proteins, hormones, enzymes, blood plasma, and bacteria-derived compounds, without affecting their internal physical structure. The process removes 95%-97% of the moisture or solvent from the products and provides a prolonged storage. Freeze drying also helps produce tablets or wafers for easy dosage administration.

Deodorants and antiperspirants are in high demand in developed regions such as the Americas and Western Europe. With consumers there increasingly opting for products that contain natural ingredients, manufacturers have been reformulating their products to cater to this requirement. In developing economies such as India and China, an increase in disposable income and improved hygiene standards have resulted in increased spending on personal hygiene products. The use of deodorants in India is predominantly centered around urban areas. Approximately 67% of the population is housed in village areas, which remain a largely untapped market for deodorant manufacturers. The growing implementation of daily grooming routines among teenagers and white collar professionals is also contributing to the sale of deodorant products.

Nanotechnology applications in global agribusiness are considered the new industrial revolution, and both developed and developing countries are investing in this technology to secure a sizeable market share. For instance, the US leads the world with an investment of $3.7 billion through its National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI). The US is followed by Japan and the European Union (EU), which have both committed substantial funds with $750 million and $1.2 billion per year respectively.

由于日本国内将客户需求放在第一位，并受 JIT 生产方式的要求，提升装载率的难度不容忽视。    

在阐述美国集装箱多式联运发展概况的基础上，分析美国集装箱多式联运的发展经验，即重视多式联运顶层设计，优化组织管理结构，形成合作共赢的多式联运系统，重视环境保护，进而提出美国集装箱多式联运发展的启示：在国家层面，确立经济新常态下国家多式联运发展战略，建立集装箱多式联运协调机制，制定大力发展多式联运的相关政策；在铁路行业层面，提升技术装备水平，加快推进集装箱场站建设，优化铁路集装箱经营管理组织机构，建立合作、共赢、开放的伙伴关系。    

The numerous benefits of LED lights have aided their growth traction among endusers. They are preferred over incandescent bulbs and compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) as they are energy efficient (they consume almost 75% less energy than other bulbs) and have a long lifespan (which is pegged at 60,000 hours, compared to 1,500 hours of incandescent bulbs and 8,000 hours of CFLs). These features are the main reasons for the continued growth of LED lights, which are also known as green lighting systems.

The global printing market consists of printers and supplies. In the past, printing was restricted to printing or publishing establishments. The emergence of home or office digital printers and a rapid increase in the number of internet users worldwide have revolutionized the printing market. Digital printing has become increasingly popular and help boost the demand for printer supplies. However, the market faces challenges such as increased digitization, adverse currency rates, and ever-decreasing demand for physical printing content. We expect the market to decline during the forecast period due to these challenges.