关键词：燃料电池，碳中和，碳达峰，核证自愿减排量

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关键词：境外并购，技术获取，技术整合，动态仿真

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关键词：技术创新，创新绩效，技术联系性，技术整合

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关键词：数据产权化，共享交易，权益分配

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The application of nanotechnology in the field of biology has given rise to a host of innovations ranging from diagnostics, biomedical sensors, targeted drug delivery systems, to the creation of integrated chips with scalable memory. Recently, increased investments in basic nanotechnology research and demand for improved convergence based product development, have led to the organization of national innovation ecosystems such as the National Nanotechnology Initiative in the United States, National Nanotechnology Initiative and associated National Nanotechnology Centre in Malaysia and the Australia Nanotechnology Network in Australia to name a few. While academic laboratories and spin-offs have served as epicenters of nanobiotechnology commercialization across these countries, the extent of commercialization of products across developed and emerging economies is largely driven by the maturity of innovation networks and knowledge flows surrounding the nanobiotechnology initiatives. In the wake of the global market challenges of the biopharmaceuticals, successful deployment of nanobiotechnology innovations in regional economies will depend on inclusive and adaptable innovation models that can be replicated globally. To that end, this commentary discusses the design of a hybrid innovation ecosystem that captures nanotechnology policy, stakeholders, and knowledge to facilitate accelerated nanobiotechnology commercialization. Examples of innovation ecosystems in the US, Malaysia and Australia are used to demonstrate the emergence of this hybrid model where research and human capacity development including knowledge dissemination between the participating stakeholders, are the overarching goals of the designed ecosystems. Objective of Commentary: In the context of the limitations of existing innovation models as static entities that have failed to accelerate innovation and commercialization of nanotechnology innovations in medicine, an adaptable hybrid ecosystem or AHE for effective commercialization of nanomedicine and emerging technologies is proposed . The adaptable hybrid ecosystem builds upon the concepts of National Systems of Innovation, Triple Helix Model and strategic arenas-a broad area of focus that engages contributions from multidisciplinary areas. The multistakeholder participatory approach of the AHE model is suggestive of a dynamic asset pool comprising customers, industries, universities and international governments that enable technology commercialization in emerging areas such as nanomedicine and nanotechnology by the influence of fundamental paradigm shifts discussed in this paper.

关键词：芯片设备；创新三螺旋模型；混合模型

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We have compared the proteomes and transcriptomes of Chlorella induced to produce oil in the presence of glucose at various time points. These results lead to the identification of several proteins when over-expressed in transgenic algae enhance photosynthesis by up to 80%. We have also completed the proteome analysis for the diatom Cyclotella when induced to accumulate oil after silicon starvation. The results of these studies are currently being analyzed. We have completed generation of Chlamydomonas transformants expressing carbonic anhydrase to increase the CO2 concentration near the active site of Rubisco so as to inhibit photorespiration. These transgenics have on average a 30% increase in photosynthetic rates. We have also show that by reducing chlorophyll b levels we can tune the light harvesting antennae size for increased photosynthetic efficiency and growth (30% increase) in algal monocultures. Finally, we have demonstrated that the biocompatible solvent, decane, rapidly induces oil accumulation in Chlorella shortening the time to produce oil with a glucose boost from 24 to 2 hours. This process also elevates oil accumulation in single cells in addition to autospores. As a result oil accumulation is increased 10X relative to glucose alone within the first 4 hours after treatment.

关键词：藻类；燃料；基因工程；二氧化碳；碳酸酐

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Titanium dioxide (TiO_2) is the most intensely investigated photocatalyst and until today the only one that has already been commercialized and that is involved in many applications such as self-cleaning materials, dye-sensitized solar cells, as well as water and air purification. Consequently, an exponential growth of research activities concerning the nanoscience and nanotechnology of TiO_2 has been observed during the last decades. These raising research activities have recently lead to the synthesis of nanosized TiO_2 nanoparticles and nanostructures with different shapes, morphologies and phase compositions. Thus, the present chapter focuses mainly on the synthesis of these nanomaterials. The thermodynamic stability, the transition between different TiO_2 polymorphs and the surface properties of these polymorphs are presented with the aim to utilize this information for a better understanding of the mechanism of the formation of TiO_2 nanomaterials. The photocatalytic applications of these TiO_2 nanomaterials are also discussed.

关键词：电池材料；光催化剂；纳米材料

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When an energetic ion passes through a material, an ion track may be produced along the ion path if the electronic stopping power S_e is larger than a material dependent threshold value. Although there are a number of studies on the ion tracks produced in crystalline materials using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), there are only a limited number of TEM studies on the ion tracks in amorphous materials due to a lack of sufficient contrast. In this report, the ion tracks in amorphous Si_3N_4 films irradiated with 120-720 keV C_(60)~(+,2+) ions were observed with TEM and high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM). The radial density distribution of the ion track was derived from the observed HAADF-STEM images.

关键词：电池材料；化学反应；离子轨道

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Nanostructured materials have attracted great attention in recent time because of their innovative characteristics and potential applications in the fields of catalysis, drug delivery, sensors and pollution abatement measures. Stabilized metal nanoparticles (size ＜ 10 nm) with very active surface atoms, high selectivity and recyclability have lead to a new generation of 'Nanocatalysts' for sustainable green chemistry for industrial applications like fine and bulk chemicals, Pharmaceuticals, fuel cell, petroleum refineries, environmental catalysis and many other fields. The present chapter summarizes the techniques for preparations, characterizations, and catalytic activities of different metals nanoparticles for organic transformations.

关键词：新型电池；燃料电池；纳米材料

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Gamma-ray luminosities of some quasar-associated blazars imply jet powers reaching values comparable to the accretion power even if assuming very strong Doppler boosting and very high efficiency of gamma-ray production. With much lower radiative efficiencies of protons than of electrons, and the recent reports of very strong coupling of electrons with shock-heated protons indicated by Particlein- Cell (PIC) simulations, the leptonic models seem to be strongly favored over the hadronic ones. However, the electron-proton coupling combined with the ERC (External-Radiation-Compton) models of gamma-ray production in leptonic models predict extremely hard X-ray spectra, with energy indices (alpha(sup x)) approximately 0. This is inconsistent with the observed 2-10 keV slopes of blazars, which cluster around (alpha(sup x)) approximately 0.6. This problem can be resolved by assuming that electrons can be efficiently cooled down radiatively to non-relativistic energies, or that blazar spectra are entirely dominated by the SSC (Synchrotron-Self Compton) component up to at least 10 keV.

关键词：类星体；X射线谱；加速；伽玛源

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