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1.机械行业:催化事件将集中释放,核电迎来投资良机
[电气机械和器材制造业] [2017-06-28]
“十三五”期间我国核电计划投产约 3000 万千瓦、开工 3000 万千瓦,到 2020 年总装机将达到 5800 万千瓦。由于 2016 年我国核电是零核准,新开工也是零,因此在“十三 五”中后期核电发展尤为紧迫。截止到 2017 年 5 月我国投 入商运的核电机组总共是 36 台,总装机容量为 3264 万千 瓦。如果需要完成“十三五”核电发展目标,那么在剩下 的三年半时间内需要投入商运机组需要达到 26 台机组,新 开工需要达到 30 台机组。如国内首台三代核电机组在 2017 年顺利投入商运,国内核电投资有望在“十三五”中后期 集中释放,平均每年投资额约为 1200 亿元。而 2016 年, 我国核电总投资额仅为 506 亿元,国内核电投资潜力巨大。
关键词:机械;催化;核电
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2.使用铝纳米颗粒进行光照激活运动和点火
[电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业,电气机械和器材制造业] [2015-09-03]
The aluminum nanoparticles (Al NPs) are demonstrated to serve as active photothermal media, to enhance and control local photothermal energy deposition via the photothermal effect activated by localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and amplified by Al NPs oxidation. The activation source is a 2-AA-battery-powered xenon flash lamp. The extent of the photothermally activated movement of Al NPs can be approx. 6 mm. Ignition delay can be approx. 0.1 ms. Both scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements of motion-only and after-ignition products confirm significant Al oxidation occurs through sintering and bursting after the flash exposure. Simulations suggest local heat generation is enhanced by LSPR. The positive- feedback effects from the local heat generation amplified by Al oxidation produce a large increase in local temperature and pressure, which enhances movement and accelerates ignition.
关键词:电池能源;光热光谱分析;等离子体
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3.前方作战基地使用的能源管理系统的优化气体发生器效率
[电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业,电气机械和器材制造业] [2015-09-03]
A Forward Operating Base (FOB) is designed to support combat operations in an austere environment, which often lacks pre-existing infrastructure. On-site diesel generators are the primary source of FOB electricity. Traditionally, each generator is connected to its own set of loads and operates independently from other generators. The benefits of transitioning from traditional generator employment to an alternative architecture using an Energy Management System (EMS) were investigated in this thesis. The EMS provides an interface between power sources, loads, and energy storage elements to form a microgrid. Using power electronics and programmable logic, the EMS provides capabilities such as power source selection, power metering, flow control, and peak power management. These capabilities enable more efficient generator utilization by matching real-time load demand to the smallest capable power source, reducing overall fuel consumption. The EMS offers redundancy as it can connect any one of multiple power sources to critical loads. A hardware- based laboratory experiment demonstrated the ability to transition from one power source to another while providing uninterrupted current to the load. The results of the experiment validate a Simulink model of the EMS. An example load profile was applied to the model to compare overall fuel consumption between the traditional architecture and the EMS-enabled microgrid.
关键词:柴油燃料;发电机;能源管理
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4.分子束外延(MBE)增长未掺杂GaAs/AlGaAs构成双异质的非辐射寿命的优化(DH)
[电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业,电气机械和器材制造业] [2015-09-02]
In this report, we present results of an ongoing study aimed at measuring and optimizing the nonradiative lifetime and the internal radiative quantum efficiency of molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)-grown gallium arsenide (GaAs) solar cells that are grown at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) using different substrate growth temperatures and arsenic (As)/gallium (Ga) flux ratios to determine the growth parameters that maximize the bulk GaAs minority carrier nonradiative lifetime. We report a significant increase in the nonradiative lifetime and the internal radiative quantum efficiency of MBE- grown GaAs/aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) double heterostructure (DH) structures grown at ARL with a growth temperature of 595 C and an As/Ga flux ratio = 15. Our results show that the nonradiative lifetime and internal radiative quantum efficiency of the DH structures grown using these parameters are comparable to those of the highest quality reported MBE-grown GaAs.
关键词:铝镓砷化物;外延生长;量子效率;太阳能电池
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5.高能激光器相位共轭
[电气机械和器材制造业,电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业] [2015-09-02]
In this report we explore claims that phase conjugation of high energy lasers by stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) can compensate optical aberrations associated with severely distorted laser amplifier media and aberrations induced by the atmosphere. The SBS media tested was a gas cell pressurized up to 300 psi with SF6 or Xe or both. The laser was a 10 Hz, 3J, Q-switched Nd:YAG with 25 ns wide pulses. Atmospheric aberrations were created with space heaters, helium jets and phase plates designed with a Kolmogorov turbulence spectrum characterized by a Fried parameter, ro, ranging from 0.6 6.0 mm. Phase conjugate tests in the laboratory were conducted without amplification. For the strongest aberrations, D/ro approx. 20, created by combining the space heaters with the phase plate, the Strehl ratio was degraded by a factor of approx. 50. Phase conjugation in SF6 restored the peak focusable intensity to about 30% of the original laser. Phase conjugate tests at the outdoor laser range were conducted with laser amplifiers providing gain in combination with the SBS cell. A large 600,000 BTU kerosene space heater was used to create turbulence along the beam path. An atmospheric structure factor of Cn2 = 5x10-13 m2/3 caused the illumination beam to expand to a diameter 250mm and overfill the receiver. The phase conjugate amplified return could successfully be targeted back onto glints 5mm in diameter. Use of a lenslet arrays to lower the peak focusable intensity in the SBS cell failed to produce a useful phase conjugate beam; The Strehl ratio was degraded with multiple random lobes instead of a single focus. I will review literature results which show how multiple beams can be coherently combined by SBS when a confocal reflecting geometry is used to focus the laser in the SBS cell.
关键词:激光;畸变;放大器;光散射
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6.聚醚醚酮(PEEK)的移植聚合物电解质膜类型:燃料电池应用的相对湿度依赖
[电气机械和器材制造业,化学原料和化学制品制造业] [2015-09-02]
A pre-irradiation grafting method is a fascinating technique for direct introduction of new functional graft polymers (grafts) into polymer substrates without any damages. The radiation technique has been widely applied to the preparation of high performance fuel cell polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) for mobile electricities, vehicles, and domestic co-generation systems. The PEMs of aromatic hydrocarbon polymers, so-called "super engineering plastics" including poly (ether ether ketone) (PEEK), have useful characteristics such as high mechanical strength, gas barrier property, and radiation resistance. Thus, in this work, we investigated the humidity dependence of proton conductivity and mechanical strength at 80 ℃ and relative humidity (RH) from 30 to 95%, which are the most important characteristics for power generation efficiency and durability under real operating conditions in fuel cell systems.
关键词:燃料电池;电解质材料;聚合物
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7.锂离子电池组的活性能量平衡系统
[电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业,电气机械和器材制造业] [2015-09-02]
In this paper,a cell balancing circuit for the Lithium-ion battery pack based on the Flyback topology is proposed.Balancing the lithium-ion battery pack is often employed to improve the energy utilization and lifetime of the battery.The proposed circuit uses the minimized power path to simplify the circuit and optimize the balancing efficiency.This paper shows the details of the balancing circuit structure and working principle,introduce the design of the balancing transformer and its theoretical analysis.Finally,experimental results are presented to verify the theoretical analysis.
关键词:锂离子电池;平衡电路;激拓扑;能量传递
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8.应用于无线传感器网络节点的低电压低功耗上变频混频器
[电气机械和器材制造业,电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业] [2015-09-02]
A low voltage,low power up-conversion mixer is presented here for 2.4GHz wireless sensor networks (WSN).It was based on a double-balanced Gilbert cell type.The current-reuse technique was used to reduce the power consumption and negative-resistance compensation technique was used to improve the conversion gain.The mixer was designed in 0.18μm RF CMOS technology,and was simulated with Cadence SpectreRF.The simulation results indicate that the conversion gain is 6.37dB,the noise figure is 15.36dB and the input 1dB compression point is -10.3dBm,while consuming 1mA current for operating voltage at 1V.
关键词:混频器;电流再利用;低电压;低功耗
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9.约瑟夫森数字电路接口的混合约瑟夫森-CMOS随机存取记忆体
[计算机、通信和其他电子设备制造业,电气机械和器材制造业] [2015-09-02]
The work during this period brought our efforts to realize a 64-kbit hybrid Josephson-CMOS memory for 4K operation to a successful conclusion. The memory inputs and outputs are at the several-millivolt level. The inputs are first amplified to 60 mV using Suzuki stacks; these signals drive CMOS comparators, the outputs of which are at volt level, as required by the commercially manufactured 65 nm CMOS memory array. Final designs were fabricated and tested. The access time is less than 400 ps and the read power dissipation is less than 10 mW. A side project was performed to evaluate the concept for a novel wholly Josephson memory proposed by a Japanese memory expert. We found that the proposed memory cell has inadequate design margins. We realized the other goal of the project, which was to analyze the factors limiting Josephson memories. Presentations for the Applied Superconductivity Conference (ASC) in October 2012 were prepared and presented. Publications resulted. We also brought together an international group of 30 cryogenic memory researchers in a post-ASC workshop at UC Berkeley for more discussions. And presentations were made at the Superconductive Electronics Conference (ISEC) in July 2013.
关键词:电路;互补型金属氧化物半导体;低温
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10.安装在室外机柜的氢系统的安全性—氢气安全专家组
[电气机械和器材制造业,化学原料和化学制品制造业] [2015-09-02]
The Hydrogen Safety Panel brings a broad cross-section of expertise from the industrial, government, and academic sectors to help advise the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Fuel Cell Technologies Office through its work in hydrogen safety, codes, and standards. The Panels initiatives in reviewing safety plans, conducting safety evaluations, identifying safety-related technical data gaps, and supporting safety knowledge tools and databases cover the gamut from research and development to demonstration and deployment. The Panels recent work has focused on the safe deployment of hydrogen and fuel cell systems in support of DOE efforts to accelerate fuel cell commercialization in early market applications: vehicle refueling, material handling equipment, backup power for warehouses and telecommunication sites, and portable power devices. This paper resulted from observations and considerations stemming from the Panels work on early market applications. This paper focuses on hydrogen system components that are installed in outdoor enclosures. These enclosures might alternatively be called cabinets, but for simplicity, they are all referred to as enclosures in this paper. These enclosures can provide a space where a flammable mixture of hydrogen and air might accumulate, creating the potential for a fire or explosion should an ignition occur. If the enclosure is large enough for a person to enter, and ventilation is inadequate, the hydrogen concentration could be high enough to asphyxiate a person who entered the space. Manufacturers, users, and government authorities rely on requirements described in codes to guide safe design and installation of such systems. Except for small enclosures used for hydrogen gas cylinders (gas cabinets), fuel cell power systems, and the enclosures that most people would describe as buildings, there are no hydrogen safety requirements for these enclosures, leaving gaps that must be addressed.
关键词:氢;安全;横截面;部署;电子器件