机械板块 24Q1 收入毛利率温和改善：（1）板块收入和毛利率温和改善：从收入增速看，在经历了 2022 年的增速下降后，板块在 2023 年整体保持相对平稳的增长，23Q4-24Q1 收入增速分别为 3.4%、4.2%。从毛利率看，板块毛利率保持相对平稳。从 ROE 看，机械板块 ROE 波动上升，在 2013、2017、2020 年出现了较多季 度的同比正增长，24Q1 的 ROE 水平与 23 年初接近。（2）季度收入增长较快的是 印包设备、光伏设备、船舶制造等板块，季度毛利率提升较多的是铁路设备、内燃机、其他通用机械、农用机械等板块，24Q1 提升较多的细分板块包括油气装备、纺织服装设备、其他通用机械、农用机械、印刷包装机械等。

2024.3.13 国务院印发《推动大规模设备更新和消费品以旧换新行动方案》（下简称《行动方案》），高能级政策加速推进。综合考量内生更新意愿和能力、外生政策推力和效果，对应三条投资线索：①设备更新：关注纺服&轻工&通用设备相关上游设备/船舶/商用车/农机/铁路轨交，该线索持续性或最强，短期弹性或有限，优先考虑资金久期；②回收循环利用：关注汽车家电拆解/废钢及再生金属/二手车交易，该线索短期弹性或最大，持续性取决于后续政策进度及力度，优先考虑细分方向拥挤度；③以旧换新：关注汽车/家电/上游化工 MDI 及制冷剂，该线索弹性和持续性适中，优先考虑性价比。

在全球范围内，全球航空业产生的二氧化碳排放量（9.14 亿吨）约占人类排放总量（430 亿吨）的 2.1%，航空运输占所有运输来源二氧化碳排放量的 12%，大约 80%的航空二氧化碳排放量是由飞行距离超过 1,500 公里的航班排放的，对此没有实际的替代运输方式。

企业经营改善是实现估值提升的基础。14 年国企改革中央国企 PB 提升，但是基本面并未明显改善，ROE 持续位于低位，是造成估值泡沫的核心原因所在。本轮改革之亮点在于央国企竞争力提升、经营改善，外加在考核方式上更强调股东权益，企业重估值具有锚点。

低空经济发展前景广阔，eVTOL电动垂直起降飞行器成为重要牵引。2024年3月，低空经济首次写入2024年国务院政府工作报告，低空经济指以低空飞行活动为 牵引、包括真高1000米以内（广义可延伸至3000米以内）空域产生的一系列经济活动。由于低空交通实现点对点可达，能够解决传统地面交通拥堵的问题，发 展前景非常广阔，根据赛迪顾问统计，2023年我国低空经济规模达到5059.5亿元，同比增长33.8%，预测到2026年我国低空经济规模将突破1万亿元。低空飞行 器是低空经济的主要载体，相较直升机、无人机、固定翼飞行器，eVTOL核心在于电动+垂直起降，具备运营成本低、噪音低、安全性高等优势，能以较高的性 价比满足城市空中交通的需求，我们认为将成为低空经济发展的重要牵引。

The maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) of an airframe or its component can help businesses maintain their functions for the long term. As a result, aviation manufacturers majorly focus on creating appropriate business processes and infrastructure. Governments of various countries across the globe are highly engaged in massively investing in aviation infrastructure to deliver better MRO services. They also plan to develop the airports as MRO hubs, integrating all the capabilities, facilities, and warehouses in the facility to offer high-quality services to aircraft. Several engine development programs are being adopted, owing to the ever-increasing spending toward aircraft modernization, norms and regulations, and environmental concerns for the retirement of older fleets. Most of the engine manufacturers are robustly focusing on the development of economical and efficient engines for new aircraft fleets. The procurement of advanced aircraft parts is expected to double in the next few years, which will result in the retirement of older planes across the globe. Further, the integration of the Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), and other advanced technologies into aircraft is boosting the need for high-quality maintenance services, which is fueling the airframe maintenance services market.

The global floating dock market has emerged as a dynamic and influential maritime and waterfront infrastructure sector. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, the demand for efficient and flexible docking solutions has soared, driving the expansion of the floating dock market. Floating docks represent versatile, modular structures designed to provide stable platforms for vessels, allowing them to dock and unload cargo or passengers. Unlike traditional fixed docks, floating docks adjust to water level variations, making them suitable for locations with fluctuating water levels. The market encompasses various floating docks, including timber, steel, concrete, and aluminum, each catering to specific applications and environments.