The California Department of Pesticide Regulation's (DPR's) Pesticide Use Report (PUR) is probably the largest and most complete database on pesticide use in the world. A system to collect information on pesticide use in California has been in operation in some form for over 50 years, with the current use reporting system started in 1990. The PUR contains information on nearly all production agricultural pesticide use and some nonagricultural use in California. The data collected include the pesticide product used, the date it was applied, the particular field treated, and application location to a square-mile section. Production agricultural use includes applications to growing crops, agricultural fields, and most applications to forest trees and ornamental turf. Other pesticide uses reported to DPR include post-harvest commodity treatments, right of way, landscapes, structural use, and other nonagricultural uses by commercial applicators. Because of the importance of the PUR for many groups and individuals, it is critical that the database be an accurate and complete as possible.

关键词：农药；杀虫剂；使用

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The use of pesticides and fertilizers contributes to U.S. agricultural productivity and helps ensure a generally stable, plentiful, and inexpensive food supply. However, these chemicals may also harm human health, water quality, and food safety. The U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) collects, analyzes, and disseminates Agricultural Chemical Usage (ACU) data to meet regulatory, business, and other informational needs. In fiscal years 2007 through 2009, NASS substantially scaled back the ACU program before restoring it in 2010. GAO was asked to examine (1) what factors NASS considered in reducing the ACU program; (2) how ACU data users were affected by the temporary cutback, and their views on the data's quality and usefulness; and (3) the extent to which agricultural pesticide and fertilizer usage data are available from sources other than NASS. GAO reviewed relevant NASS documents and interviewed NASS officials as well as 25 selected ACU data users.

关键词：农药；农产品；食品供应合作协议；数据采集；化肥

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The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Exposure Research Laboratory (NERL) is performing research in support of the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) of 1996, which requires that pesticide exposure assessments to be conducted for all potential sources, routes and pathways, not just dietary intake. The goal of the NERL program is to develop and evaluate protocols and methods for assessing children's aggregate and cumulative exposures to pesticides, and to collect data required to reduce the reliance on default assumptions in development of quantitative exposure assessments. This paper provides an overview of the framework and technical approach for the research program and descriptions of studies being performed to fill data gaps in the following areas: (1) Spatial and temporal distribution of pesticide residues indoors; (2) Pesticide use patterns indoors; (3) Dermal exposure; (4) Indirect ingestion exposure; (5) Microenvironments and macroactivity patterns of children; and (6) Children's exposure measurements protocols and methods.

关键词：农药；儿童

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This project has developed and implemented a software environment to utilize data collected by Traffic Management Centers (TMC) in Florida, in combination with data from other sources to support various applications. The environment allows capturing and fusing the data from multiple sources. The combined data can support the performance measurements of transportation system, transportation system modeling, assessment of the benefits of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) applications such as incident management, ramp metering, and so on, and discovery of different relationships and associations of attributes through data mining and visualization methods. The developed modules are demonstrated in a series of use cases.

关键词：电子信息；智能交通；集成环境；性能评估

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This report consists of 15 papers that explore intervehicle safety warning information systems; travel time prediction; intersection decision support in adverse weather conditions; creation of CityMobil; real-time freeway end-of-queue alerting systems; traffic incident detection; vehicle class-specific route guidance; cooperative adaptive cruise control; dynamic parking guidance; vehicle platoon control; advanced traffic management systems; open road tolling; onboard sensing system for intersection safety; coordination of automated guided vehicles at intersections; and vehicle-to-infrastructure and vehicle-to-vehicle information systems in work zones.

关键词：电子信息；智能交通；公路车辆；自动化

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Systems Theory represents a significant theoretical backgrounds for any professional undertaking within the branch of ITS. There are several approaches to elaborating this kind of theory. For engineering purposes (i.e. also for ITS) the classical approach: GTS - General Theory of Systems which is based on ideas of Karl Ludwig von Bertalanffy [1] and his co-workers is probably the most beneficial. A purposeful source of knowledge on the internet is [2]. An excellent review of fundamental Systems ideas is provided in the works of G.J. Klir [3, 5]. Both innovative and thorough insight into the engineering utilizations of Systems ideas is presented by J. Vlcek [4].

关键词：电子信息；智能交通；理论原理

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This report documents the evolution, development, and lessons learned while attempting to identify, modify, and deploy Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) and advanced technology tools to facilitate coordination of public transit and social (human) service transportation and mobility management in a one stop shop located in Modoc County (northeast), California. The report summarizes planning and coordination efforts; shares challenges, lessons learned, and outcomes; and concludes by identifying some issues and structural obstacles that diminish usability and impede transfer of functional ITS tools for purposes of data collection, management, and reporting.

关键词：电子信息；智能交通；移动管理；协调服务

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The growing number of traffic safety strategies, including the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and lowcost proactive safety improvement (LCPSI), call for an integrated approach to optimize resource allocation systematically and proactively. While most of the currently used standard methods such as the six-step method that identify and eliminate hazardous locations serve their purpose well, they represent a reactive approach that seeks improvement after crashes happen. In this project, a decision support system with Geographic Information System (GIS) interface is developed to proactively optimize the resource allocation of traffic safety improvement strategies. With its optimization function, the decision support system is able to suggest a systematically optimized implementation plan together with the associated cost once the concerned areas and possible countermeasures are selected. It proactively improves the overall traffic safety by implementing the most effective safety strategies that meet the budget to decrease the total number of crashes to the maximum degree. The GIS interface of the decision support system enables the users to select concerned areas directly from the map and calculates certain inputs automatically from parameters related to the geometric design and traffic control features. An associated database is also designed to support the system so that as more data are input into the system, the calibration factors and crash modification functions used to calculate the expected number of crashes will be continuously updated and refined.

关键词：电子信息；智能交通；智能决策支持系统；安全；策略

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The first phase of this study investigated the amount of time a flight can be delayed or expedited within the Terminal Airspace using only speed changes. The Arrival Capacity Calculator analysis tool was used to predict the time adjustment envelope for standard descent arrivals and then for CDA arrivals. Results ranged from 0.77 to 5.38 minutes. STAR routes were configured for the ACES simulation, and a validation of the ACC results was conducted comparing the maximum predicted time adjustments to those seen in ACES. The final phase investigated full runway-to-runway trajectories using ACES. The radial distance used by the arrival scheduler was incrementally increased from 50 to 150 nautical miles (nmi). The increased Planning Horizon radii allowed the arrival scheduler to arrange, path stretch, and speed-adjust flights to more fully load the arrival stream. The average throughput for the high volume portion of the day increased from 30 aircraft per runway for the 50 nmi radius to 40 aircraft per runway for the 150 nmi radius for a traffic set representative of high volume 2018. The recommended radius for the arrival scheduler s Planning Horizon was found to be 130 nmi, which allowed more than 95loading of the arrival stream.

关键词：电子信息；智能交通；机场；吞吐量

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Telematics is a result of convergence and following progressive synthesis of telecommunication technology and informatics. The effects of telematics are based on synergism of both disciplines. Telematics can be found in wide spectrum user areas, from an individual multimedia communication towards intelligent use and management of large-scale networks (e.g. transport, telecommunications, public service). Advanced telematics provides intelligent environment for knowledge society establishment and allows expert knowledge description of complex systems. It also includes legal, organizational, implementation and human aspects.

关键词：电子信息；智能交通；设计

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