In the material handling community, three disparate subgroups exist in the areas of kitting, packaging, and palletizing. Currently, these operations are performed by a mix of automated and manual systems with very limited market penetration of automated systems into small- and mid-sized companies. Lack of automation is due to difficulties in using todays generation of robots for tasks that include requirements such as small lot sizes and product variability. In addition, infrastructure requirements and high levels of required expertise make them prohibitively expensive. A major contributing factor is that current manufacturing robots have little or no understanding of the world around them and no capability to dynamically change their actions if the environment or task changes. This restricts them to operate in highly constrained environments and makes it difficult to change from one task to another. A seminar titled Next Generation Packaging, Kitting, and Palletizing: Can one robot do it all, was held on February 9th 2012 at the Material Handling Industry of America (MHIA) MODEX show in Atlanta, GA. The seminar primarily focused on whether systems that are capable of modifying their behavior by generating and adapting plans will overcome the aforementioned limitations and if these systems will require detailed knowledge of and a consistent representation for both the manufacturing environment and the plans. The seminar also explored ways to exploit the significant similarities in packaging, kitting, and palletizing in the way their requirements are represented, and in how their performance is evaluated.

关键词：机器人;材料处理;装备;包装托盘包装;自动化系统;人工系统

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Integrating the components described in the previous articles of this chapter, we introduce the Bielefeld "Curious Robot", which is able to acquire new knowledge and skills in direct human-robot interaction. This paper focuses on the cognitive architecture of the overall system. We propose to combine (i) a communication layer based on a generic, human-accessible XML data format, (ii) multiple low-level sensor and control processes publishing their sensor information into the system and receiving commands or parameterizations from higher-level deliberative processes, and (iii) high-level coordination processes based on hierarchical state machines. The efficiency of the proposed approach is shown in an interactive tutoring scenario, where the Bielefeld "Curious Robot", a bimanual robot system, should learn to identify, grasp, and clean various everyday objects from a table. The capability of the system to interact with lay persons is proven in a user study.

关键词：机器人；交互式；辅导；混合

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The importance of Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGV's) in the Military's operations is continually increasing. All Military branches now rely on advanced robotic technologies to aid in their missions' operations. The integration of these technologies has not only enhanced capabilities, but has increased personnel safety by generating larger standoff distances. Currently most UGV's are deployed by an exposed dismounted Warfighter because the Military possess a limited capability to do so remotely and can only deploy a single UGV. This paper explains the conceptual development of a novel approach to remotely deploy and extract multiple robots from a single host platform. The Robotic Deployment & Extraction System (ROBODEXS) is a result of our development research to improve marsupial robotic deployment at safe standoff distances. The presented solution is modular and scalable, having the ability to deploy anywhere from two to twenty robots from a single deployment mechanism. For larger carrier platforms, multiple sets of ROBODEXS modules may be integrated for deployment and extraction of even greater numbers of robots. Such a system allows mass deployment and extraction from a single manned/unmanned vehicle, which is not currently possible with other deployment systems.

关键词：机器人；地面车辆、军事行动、军用车辆;机器人;无人驾驶;军队人员;部署;提取;集成系统;军事计划;任务;范围(距离);机器人;安全;Robodexs(机器人部署萃取系统)

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Planning of the optimal path has always been the target pursued by many researchers since last five decade. Its application on mobile robot is one of the most important research topics among the scientist and researcher. This paper aims to plan the obstacle-avoiding path for mobile robots based on the Artificial Immune Algorithm (AIA) developed from the immune principle. An immunity algorithm adapting capabilities of the immune system is proposed and enable robot to reach the target object safely and successfully fulfill its task through optimal path and with minimal rotation angle efficiency. Finally, we have compared with the GA based path planning with the AIA based path planning. Simulation results show that the mobile robot is capable of avoiding obstacles, escaping traps, and reaching the goal efficiently and effectively by using AIA than GA.

关键词：机器人；路径规划；人工免疫算法；导航；GA

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The use of a primate's spatial ability of mental rotation to serve as a basis for robotic navigation has been almost entirely overlooked by the robotics community to date. In this paper, the role of this cognitive capacity is presented as an adjunct to existing robotic control systems, with the underlying approach being derived from studies of primate spatial cognition. Specifically, optical flow is used as a basis for transitory representations (snapshots) that are compared to an a priori visual goal to provide corrective course action for a robot when moving through the world. The underlying architecture and procedures are described.

关键词：机器人；导航；控制系统；空间知觉；心理旋转

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The potential of RFID (radio frequency identification) technology is analyzed in the context of service robots. Various concepts that differ by operation frequency (LF, HF, UHF) and, thus, by range are analyzed. Typically, the service robot application which is to be supported by RFID, preselects the frequency band by range requirements. Within the DESIRE project, RFID was investigated for platform localization in large operation areas as well as for object identification at small distances. To enable this investigation, an electronic system was designed, built and integrated into the DESIRE platform that supports multiple antenna control. Detection zones of objects, equipped with UHF-RFID tags, were estimated under lab conditions and for onboard scenarios. In particular, strengths and weaknesses of UHF-RFID object identification at far distances and in the presence of interfering signals are discussed. This lead to one scenario in which the robot grasps an object, moves and rotates it in reading distance to the antenna mounted at the robot torso. The service robot can thus perceive object information that complements information from other sensor modalities like vision.

关键词：机器人；RFID功能

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Risk of Inadequate Design of Human and Automation/Robotic Integration (HARI) is a new Human Research Program (HRP) risk. HRI is a research area that seeks to understand the complex relationship among variables that affect the way humans and robots work together to accomplish goals. The DRP addresses three major HRI study areas that will provide appropriate information for navigation guidance to a teleoperator of a robot system, and contribute to the closure of currently identified HRP gaps: (1) Overlays -- Use of overlays for teleoperation to augment the information available on the video feed (2) Camera views -- Type and arrangement of camera views for better task performance and awareness of surroundings (3) Command modalities -- Development of gesture and voice command vocabularies

关键词：机器人；地区采集原料机器人,机器人,机器人控制;机器人动力学;控制系统设计;动态控制;摄像头,导航,语音控制

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In 2007 the total global market capitalization of mining companies was reported at US $962 billion, (Businessweek, 2007)

关键词：机器人；月球采矿；外星环境；太空探索

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Trust is an essential element required for effective human-robot teaming. Yet, experimental research examining human-robot trust in team interactions is at its infancy stage. Conducting empirical studies using live robots can be extremely difficult in terms of money, time, equipment programmability, and system support. Information in the area of human-robot trust is limited, but parallels can be drawn with trust in other domains of human-entity interactions, such as human-animal trust. Here we investigate the current evidence related to factors impacting trust in human-animal partnerships. Several of the outlined factors overlap with previously identified factors associated with trust in robots, supporting the notion that human-animal trust may be an appropriate analog for human-robot trust. Implications for future research are enumerated and discussed.

关键词：机器人；模拟系统；交互作用；可靠性；人机交互；荟萃分析

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The objective is how an intelligent vehicle can help mitigate congestion through the use of sensors and computer programming. Participants program the intelligent vehicle to conduct activities to solve congestion issues on our roadways. Vehicle programming exercises include movement of the intelligent vehicle, following a route, emergency vehicle detection, pedestrian detection, travel distance calculations and travel time calculations.

关键词：机器人车辆；中等教育；传感器；计算机编程

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