Nanoimprint lithography is conventionally used to transfer a pattern from a mold to a deformable and curable resist layer. Here we report a nanoimprinting technique to selectively transfer components of a pre- assembled nanostructure to a new substrate, while retaining the advantages of nanoimprint lithography such as low cost and high throughput. We use this technique to study metal particle roughness in Au ?nanofinger? substrates, along with the effects of annealing to reduce roughness, and the impact of annealing on the Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) signal. The nanofinger substrates consist of Au-coated polymer pillars arranged to collapse into a designed assembly. Upon exposure to a volatile liquid and subsequent drying, microcapillary forces pull the pillars and their metal caps together into the designed structure. Successful transfer was achieved using the concept of template stripping via cold welding using a normal nanoimprinting process with no resist layer but under appropriate pressure to ensure even and complete transfer of all the nanostructures. Particle roughness was not found to be a significant factor in SERS from naonfinger substrates as annealing did not increase the observed Raman intensity.

关键词：纳米压印光刻；纳米加工；等离子体；感应；表面增强拉曼光谱

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关键词：文档数据库管理；文件视觉相似性；相似性的金字塔；Isomap

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Web interactions usually require the exchange of personal and confidential information for a variety of purposes, including enabling business transactions and the provisioning of services. A key issue affecting these interactions is the lack of trust and control on how data is going to be used and processed by the entities that receive this data. In the traditional world, this issue is addressed by using contractual agreements that are signed by the involved parties. This could be done electronically as well but there is currently a major gap between the definition of legal contracts, regulating the sharing of data and the software infrastructure required to support and enforce them. How to ensure that legal contracts can be actually enforced by the underlying IT infrastructure? How to ensure that a potentially enforceable version of the contract corresponds to the legal version of the contract? This article describes our work to address this gap through the usage of electronic Data Sharing Agreements (e-DSA). e-DSAs can be formally defined and analysed to identify inconsistencies and contradictory policies/constraints; they can then be deployed within the IT infrastructure and enforced. We specifically show how this can be achieved in a cloud scenario, where e-DSAs are enforced via policy enforcement capabilities developed in the UK EnCoRe [6] collaborative project.

关键词：数据共享；数据共享协议；云；动态同意；喝采；隐私；安全

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Collective data transfers among sets of processes over high-bandwidth, low-latency data center networks are an integral part of Big Data computations (e.g., the data shuffle in MapReduce). In this paper, we use a carefully architected microbenchmark that emulates a data shuffle, to gather network traces and perform detailed analysis. The key result of our analysis is that having more than two competing bi-directional flows per node in the transfer reduces throughput by 10%. What this means is that, even at very low cardinality (3- or 4-node shuffle), only 90%of the possible throughput can be achieved when commodity Ethernet-based switches are employed. TCP contention among multiple flows is the reason for the throughput loss experienced by collective data transfers. Though we identify system parameter configurations that minimize such packet losses, we believe application- layer flow management is necessary to circumvent this network-level problem. Towards this end, we designed and implemented a technique, Max2Flows, that generates and orchestrates a schedule of coordinated data exchange stages. Each stage limits the number of competing flows per node to two or fewer, thus avoiding negative network-level effects. Experimental results show that, when incorporated into our microbenchmark, Max2Flows can operate at ~99% of the peak throughput on a 1 Gigabit Ethernet network for small shuffles.

关键词：集体数据传输；数据流；数据洗牌

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Aesthetics evaluation of a document layout is typically performed by a designer. Recently there has been proposed a number of automated systems for document creation. We present a new paradigm to automatically quantify document aesthetics, that can be used in the automated document composition techniques. Given a document template, we specify a few aesthetics parameters that can be adjusted to obtain the most aesthetically pleasing layout of a document page. We use graphical interface, where for a given amount of content designers can adjust the parameters to obtain a layout of the highest aesthetic value. The parameters are stored as a feature vector. After obtaining sufficiently large amount of feature vectors, the feature set is modelled by a Gaussian probability distribution. The resulting model can be used in predicting aesthetic value of a new document, or to compose a document of the highest aesthetic value for a given content.

关键词：自动发布；量化美学；设计师互动；概率模型

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Good surface quality of plastic substrates is essential to reduce pixel defects during roll-to-roll fabrication of flexible display active matrix backplanes. Standard polyimide substrates have high density of "bumps" from fillers and belt marks and other defects from dust and surface scratching. Some of these defects could be the source of shunts in dielectrics. The gate dielectric must prevent shorts between the source/drain and the gate in the transistors, resist shorts in the hold capacitor and stop shorts in the data/gate line crossovers in active matrix backplanes fabricated by self-aligned imprint lithography (SAIL) roll-to-roll processes. Otherwise data and gate lines will become shorted creating line or pixel defects. In this paper, we discuss the development of a proprietary UV curable planarization material that can be coated by roll-to-roll processes. This material was engineered to have low shrinkage, excellent adhesion to polyimide, high dry etch resistance, and great chemical and thermal stability. Results from PECVD deposition of an amorphous silicon stack on the planarized polyimide and compatibility with roll-to-roll processes to fabricate active matrix backplanes are also discussed. The effect of the planarization on defects in the stack, shunts in the dielectric and curvature of finished arrays will also be described.

关键词：平坦化涂料；塑料基板；自对准压印光刻；柔性显示器；主动式矩阵背板；卷到卷制造

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ElectroInk experiences multiple transfers, some electrostatic and others mechanical, on its way from the ink can to printed image in an HP Indigo press. For example, in the binary ink developer (BID), ink is electrostatically transferred from the developer roller to a metal cleaning roller and then removed from the cleaning roller and returned to the ink tank by mechanical action. The disposition of ink charge following transfer is critical to the performance of the press. Of particular interest are the timescale for ink charge decay following electrostatic transfer and the impact of mechanical transfer on ink charge. Both of these subjects will be addressed in this presentation.

关键词：电子油墨；靛蓝；充电；放电

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With more and more vehicles equipped with GPS tracking devices, there is increasing interest in building and updating maps using vehicular GPS traces. Most existing approaches for building maps rely on position traces from highly accurate positioning devices, which are sampled at a high frequency, e.g., every second. Typically these traces are recorded by survey vehicles. Commodity GPS devices are much more widespread, but have lower accuracy. In addition, the sampling frequency is low (at around once per minute) in order to reduce communication cost. Building maps from coarse-grained vehicular GPS traces is challenging due to the inherent noise in commodity GPS devices and the shape complexity of urban roads. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm for recognizing urban roads with coarse-grained GPS traces from probe vehicles moving in urban areas. The algorithm overcomes the challenges by pruning low quality GPS traces, clustering GPS traces by road segments, and applying shape-aware B-spline fitting. We have conducted empirical study with a real data set of GPS traces from 2,300 taxis in Shanghai, China. Evaluation results demonstrate that our algorithm provides wide coverage, a low rate of false positives, and high accuracy. When there are 2,000 taxis and the time window for trace collection is 1.5 hours, the coverage of arterial roads is 93% and the rate of false positives is 5%. The roads recognized by our algorithm are more accurate than the roads on OpenStreetMap, a popular map editing website using GPS traces and satellite imagery.

关键词：地图建设；全球定位系统；道路识别

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Nanosphere lithography is an effective technique for high throughput fabrication of well-ordered patterns, but expanding the method to large area coverage of nanoparticles less than 300 nm in diameter while maintaining good order has proven challenging. Here we demonstrate a nanosphere lithography based technique for fabricating large area, well-ordered arrays of hemispherical metal particles which pushes the limits of these size constraints. First, large area monolayers of polystyrene (PS) nanospheres are assembled at an air-water interface and then transferred to a submerged substrate. The submerged substrate is supported at a 10o angle so that the water draining speed can be used to control the transfer rate, which is essential for hydrophobic substrates such as the polymer-coated glass used in our work. A double liftoff procedure was used to transfer the PS pattern to a silver particle array on an arbitrary substrate, achieving tunable control over the final metal particle diameter and spacing in the range of 50-150 nm and 100-200 nm, respectively. Additional control over particle shape and diameter can be obtained by modifying the substrate surface energy. For example, depositing silver on ITO-coated glass rather than a more hydrophilic clean glass substrate leads to a more hemispherical particle shape and a diameter reduction of 20%. Peak wavelength- selective reflection greater than 70% and total extinction greater than 90% were measured. The intensity, position and bandwidth of the main plasmon resonance of the arrays were shown to have minimal angle dependence up to at least 30o off normal.

关键词：纳米球光刻；等离子体；纳米粒子；纳米加工

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This paper presents the development of a versatile sensor platform that is well-suited for autonomous data acquisition in environmental monitoring. The key advantages of the platform are its compact design, implemented onboard sensors, wireless communication and further standard interfaces to connect application specific sensors. The sensor system is subsequently simple to install and the costs for the preparation and execution of a measurement task are low. The paper provides details of the platform design and key characteristics as well as data acquisition-, communication-, and data storage strategy. A practical exemplary application in the field of environmental monitoring - the determination of acceleration of plants due to wind load - is presented.

关键词：光机电；传感器；环境监测；自主平台

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