The purpose of the project report is to document the manner in which Battelle applied its subject matter expertise, experience, and facilities to complete Task Order 4, Electrical Isolation Test Procedure Development and Verification under the NHTSA Hydrogen Vehicle Fuel System Safety Program. The report describes the discrete steps and results that led to the development and verification of the test procedure and all supporting research.

关键词：燃料电池；氢；程序开发；电动工具

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In 2008, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), under contract to the US Department of Energy (DOE), conducted a manufacturing readiness assessment (MRA) of fuel cell systems and fuel cell stacks for back-up power and material handling applications (MHE). To facilitate the MRA, manufacturing readiness levels (MRL) were defined that were based on the Technology Readiness Levels previously established by the US Department of Energy (DOE). NREL assessed the extensive existing hierarchy of MRLs developed by Department of Defense (DoD) and other Federal entities, and developed a MRL scale adapted to the needs of the Fuel Cell Technologies Program (FCTP) and to the status of the fuel cell industry. The MRL ranking of a fuel cell manufacturing facility increases as the manufacturing capability transitions from laboratory prototype development through Low Rate Initial Production to Full Rate Production. DOE can use MRLs to address the economic and institutional risks associated with a ramp-up in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell production. In 2010, NREL updated this assessment, including additional manufacturers, an assessment of market developments since the original report, and a comparison of MRLs between 2008 and 2010.

关键词：燃料电池；制造；氢

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Among the many different technologies summarised in Chap. 1, Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells are extensively used for mobile and portable applications. This is due to their compactness, low weight, high power density and clean, pollutant free operation. From the operational point of view, a relevant aspect is their low temperature of operation (typically 60-80 ℃), which allows fast starting times. In a PEM Fuel Cell, a hydrogen-rich fuel is injected by the anode, and an oxidant (usually pure oxygen or air) is fed through the cathode. Both electrodes are separated by a solid electrolyte that allows ionic conduction and avoids electrons circulation. Catalytic oxidation of H_2 and catalytic reduction of O_2 take place in the negative and positive electrodes, respectively.

关键词：燃料电池；质子交换膜；PEM

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The electric power system is a crucial element of any mission for the human exploration of the Martian surface. The bulk of the power generated will be delivered to crew lifesupport systems, extravehicular activity suits, robotic vehicles, and predeployed in situ resource utilization (ISRU) equipment. In one mission scenario, before the crew departs for Mars, the ISRU plant operates for 435 days producing liquefied methane and oxygen for ascent-stage propellants and water for crew life support.

关键词：太阳能发电机;载人火星任务,舱外活动;原位资源利用率;再生燃料电池;燃料电池;FORTRAN;储能;日晒;光伏电池

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Fuel cells have long promised to be the next significant development in power systems technology across all industries. The Navy, with the support of the Office of Naval Research (ONR), has undertaken a range of fuel cell technology developments at NSWC Carderock SSES that support the potential future use in shipboard powering. To date, the focus has been on demonstrating fuel cell technology with marine fuels and the associated risk mitigation of fuel processing systems. There has been, to date, less of a focus on the assessment of the potential navy ship integration aspects. This paper reviews aspects of a study that aimed to assess the potential marine fuel cell technologies, their potential integration issues, and their likely impact on a representative naval ship design. The study had three broad aims: 1. Determine the feasibility & implications of integrating fuel cell systems into a naval ship design; 2. Provide direction for future Navy/ ONR fuel cell research & development plans; and 3. Integrate a candidate fuel cell based power system into a notional Navy ship design.

关键词：燃料电池；柴油燃料；舰艇

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This presentation describes an independent assessment of fuel cell durability status and discusses the project's relevance to the Department of Energy Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program; NREL's analysis approach; the FY12 technical accomplishments including the fourth annual publication of results; and project collaborations and future work.

关键词：燃料电池；耐用性；氢

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This book chapter addresses the intelligent power management of a hybrid - fuel cell/energy storage- distributed generator connected to a power grid, it presents an adaptive neuro-fuzzy control strategy to manage the active power between the two power sources: fuel cell and battery. A validated PEM (Proton Exchange membrane) fuel cell dynamic model along with dynamic models for the battery bank, the boost DC/DC converter and the three-phase grid-connected inverter are given. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the power management scheme. They show that the real and reactive power delivered by the fuel cell system to the utility grid can be controlled as desired, while the state of charge of the battery and the utilization factor of the fuel cell are maintained well within their prescribed ranges.

关键词：燃料电池；智能电源管理

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Although fuel cell electric vehicles are still are in a pre-commercialization phase, hydrogen fuel cells currently are being used commercially in early market applications such as material handling and backup power. These early commercialization fuel cell deployments are helping improve hydrogen and fuel cell technologies and expanding their market potential. Fuel cell systems look particularly promising as replacements for batteries in material handling equipment (MHE, or more typically forklifts) in warehouse applications where operations extend for two or three shifts each day. In such applications, batteries generally need to be charged and replaced one or more times each day, which complicates logistics and increases overall labor costs. Fuel cell MHE have zero emissions, can operate for more than 12 hours without performance degradation, and can be fueled in minutes, making fuel cells an attractive alternative to conventional battery systems.

关键词：燃料电池；物料搬运设备；MHE；成本；市场

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This paper describes the results of the demonstration of a non-flow-through PEM fuel cell as part of a power system on the SCARAB rover. A 16-cell non-flow-through fuel cell stack from Infinity Fuel Cell and Hydrogen, Inc. was incorporated into a power system designed to act as a range extender by providing power to the rover s hotel loads. This work represents the first attempt at a ground demonstration of this new technology aboard a mobile test platform. Development and demonstration were supported by the Office of the Chief Technologist s Space Power Systems Project and the Advanced Exploration System Modular Power Systems Project.

关键词：燃料电池；电池组；能量储存

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We conducted a vehicle analysis to assess the feasibility of thermoelectric technology for waste heat recovery and conversion to useful electrical power and found that eliminating the 500 W of electrical power generated by the alternator corresponded to about a 7increase in fuel economy (FE) for a small car and about 6for a full size truck. Electric power targets of 300 W were established for city and highway driving cycles for this project. We obtained critical vehicle level information for these driving cycles that enabled a highlevel design and performance analysis of radiator and exhaust gas thermoelectric subsystems for several potential vehicle platforms, and we identified the location and geometric envelopes of the radiator and exhaust gas thermoelectric subsystems. Based on this analysis, we selected the Chevrolet Suburban as the most suitable demonstration vehicle for this project. Our modeling and thermal analysis assessment of a radiator-based thermoelectric generator (TEG), however, revealed severe practical limitations.

关键词：余热回收；热电技术；散热器

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