Cellulosic and woody biomass can be directly converted to hydrocarbon gasoline and diesel blending components through the use of a new, economical, technology named integrated hydropyrolysis plus hydroconversion (IH2). The IH2 gasoline and diesel blending components are fully compatible with petroleum based gasoline and diesel, contain less than 1% oxygen and have less than 1 total acid number (TAN). The IH2 gasoline is high quality and very close to a drop in fuel. The life cycle analysis (LCA) shows that the use of the IH2 process to convert wood to gasoline and diesel results in a greater than 90% reduction in greenhouse gas emission compared to that found with fossil derived fuels. The technoeconomic analysis showed the conversion of wood using the IH2 process can produce gasoline and diesel at less than $2.00/gallon.

关键词：新能源与高效节能；生物质能；柴油燃料；化石燃料

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Parker Precision Cooling Business Unit was awarded a Department of Energy grant (DE-EE0000412) to support the DOE - ITP goal of reducing industrial energy intensity and GHG emissions. The project proposed by Precision Cooling was to accelerate the development of a cooling technology for high heat generating electronics components. These components are specifically related to power electronics found in power drives focused on the inverter, converter and transformer modules. The proposed cooling system was expected to simultaneously remove heat from all three of the major modules listed above, while remaining dielectric under all operating conditions. Development of the cooling system to meet specific customers requirements and constraints not only required a robust system design, but also new components to support long system functionality. Components requiring further development and testing during this project included pumps, fluid couplings, cold plates and condensers. All four of these major categories of components are required in every Precision Cooling system. Not only was design a key area of focus, but the process for manufacturing these components had to be determined and proven through the system development. The Precision Cooling Business Unit identified a few key projects to be the focus of the DOE grant. The first key project was to develop a cooling system for low voltage industrial drives used for power conversion and inversion. These systems utilize insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) to complete switching at very high frequencies in a small amount of space. The use of IGBTs results in relatively high amounts of heat needing to be dissipated, or removed, from the electrical device efficiently. Water and air have been used for cooling these devices, but require the device to be de-rated at elevated ambient temperatures, because they do not have the thermal capacity of Parkers Vaporizable Dielectric Fluid (VDF) cooling system.

关键词：新能源与高效节能；能源效率；电子设备冷却；电力设备

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A comprehensive process model is developed for high temperature air-steam biomass gasification in a downdraft gasifier using the ASPEN PLUS simulator.The simulation results are compared with the experimental data obtained through pilot scale downdraft gasifier.In this study,the model is used to investigate the effects of gasifying agent preheating,equivalence ratio (ER),and steam/biomass (S/B) on producer gas composition,high heating value (HHV),and cold gas efficiency (CGE).Results indicate that H2 and CO contents have increased when gasifying agent preheating is used,while gasifying agent preheating has no effect with H2 and CO at high ER.At high level of S/B,the concentrations of H2 and CO are related with water-gas shift reaction in significant.HHV and CGE depend on the concentrations of H2 and CO in producer gas,which can increase by preheated gasifying agent.However,gasifying agent preheating should apply with waste heat from the process because there is no additional cost of energy price.

关键词：新能源与高效节能；生物质能；下吸式气化炉；精馏模拟

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The Cryogenics Test Laboratory, NASA Kennedy Space Center, works to provide practical solutions to low-temperature problems while focusing on long-term technology targets for energy-efficient cryogenics on Earth and in space.

关键词：新能源与高效节能；低温技术；推进剂储存；热力学效率

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This project provides critical innovations and fundamental understandings that enable development of an economically-viable process for catalytic conversion of biomass (sugar) to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). A low-cost ionic liquid (Cyphos 106) is discovered for fast conversion of fructose into HMF under moderate reaction conditions without any catalyst. HMF yield from fructose is almost 100on the carbon molar basis. Adsorbent materials and adsorption process are invented and demonstrated for separation of 99pure HMF product and recovery of the ionic liquid from the reaction mixtures. The adsorbent material appears very stable in repeated adsorption/regeneration cycles. Novel membrane-coated adsorbent particles are made and demonstrated to achieve excellent adsorption separation performances at low pressure drops. This is very important for a practical adsorption process because ionic liquids are known of high viscosity. Nearly 100conversion (or dissolution) of cellulose in the catalytic ionic liquid into small molecules was observed. It is promising to produce HMF, sugars and other fermentable species directly from cellulose feedstock. However, several gaps were identified and could not be resolved in this project. Reaction and separation tests at larger scales are needed to minimize impacts of incidental errors on the mass balance and to show 99.9ionic liquid recovery. The cellulose reaction tests were troubled with poor reproducibility. Further studies on cellulose conversion in ionic liquids under better controlled conditions are necessary to delineate reaction products, dissolution kinetics, effects of mass and heat transfer in the reactor on conversion, and separation of final reaction mixtures.

关键词：新能源与高效节能；生物质能；物质平衡；离子液体

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Many binary-cycle geothermal plants use air as the heat rejection medium. Usually this is accomplished by using an air-cooled condenser (ACC) system to condense the vapor of the working fluid in the cycle. Many air-cooled plants suffer a loss of production capacity of up to 50during times of high ambient temperatures. Use of limited amounts of water to supplement the performance of ACCs is investigated. Deluge cooling is found to be one of the least-cost options. Limiting the use of water in such an application to less than one thousand operating hours per year can boost plant output during critical high-demand periods while minimizing water use in binary-cycle geothermal power plants.

关键词：新能源与高效节能；地热能；地热发电厂；冷却系统

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There is increased recognition that geothermal energy resources are more widespread than previously thought, with potential for providing a significant amount of sustainable clean energy worldwide. Recent advances in drilling, completion, and production technology from the oil and gas industry can now be applied to unlock vast new geothermal resources, with some estimates for potential electricity generation from geothermal energy now on the order of 2 million megawatts. Terralog USA, in collaboration with the University of California, Irvine (UCI), are currently investigating advanced design concepts for paired horizontal well recirculation systems, optimally configured for geothermal energy recovery in permeable sedimentary and crystalline formations of varying structure and material properties. This two-year research project, funded by the US Department of Energy, includes combined efforts for: 1) Resource characterization; 2) Small and large scale laboratory investigations; 3) Numerical simulation at both the laboratory and field scale; and 4) Engineering feasibility studies and economic evaluations.

关键词：新能源与高效节能；地热能；水平井；沉积地层

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This paper shows by means of simulation the existing frequency control is insufficient when large wind power generation is installed. This paper proposes a measure for the frequency control. A power system of 5,000MW capacity with governor free control and load frequency control is assumed for the study, and a wind power generation of 500MW capacity is assumed. A battery energy storage system is added for frequency control in the power system. Frequency control functions of the battery energy storage system are studied and a suitable control is proposed which coordinates with conventional frequency controllers. This paper proposes also minimum capacity of the battery energy storage system.

关键词：新能源与高效节能；储能技术；负荷频率控制；电池储能系统

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Because most sedimentary basins have been explored for oil and gas, well logs, temperatures at depth, and reservoir properties such as depth to basement and formation thickness are well known. The availability of this data reduces exploration risk and allows development of geologic exploration models for each basin. This study estimates the magnitude of recoverable geothermal energy from 15 major known U.S. sedimentary basins and ranks these basins relative to their potential. The total available thermal resource for each basin was estimated using the volumetric heat-in-place method originally proposed by (Muffler, 1979). A qualitative recovery factor was determined for each basin based on data on flow volume, hydrothermal recharge, and vertical and horizontal permeability. Total sedimentary thickness maps, stratigraphic columns, cross sections, and temperature gradient information was gathered for each basin from published articles, USGS reports, and state geological survey reports. When published data were insufficient, thermal gradients and reservoir properties were derived from oil and gas well logs obtained on oil and gas commission databases. Basin stratigraphy, structural history, and groundwater circulation patterns were studied in order to develop a model that estimates resource size, temperature distribution, and a probable quantitative recovery factor.

关键词：新能源与高效节能；地热能；温度分布；测井

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Thermo-economic model has been built and validated for prediction of project economics of Enhanced Geothermal Projects. The thermo-economic model calculates and iteratively optimizes the LCOE (levelized cost of electricity) for a prospective EGS (Enhanced Geothermal) site. It takes into account the local subsurface temperature gradient, the cost of drilling and reservoir creation, stimulation and power plant configuration. It calculates and optimizes the power plant configuration vs. well depth. Thus outputs from the model include optimal well depth and power plant configuration for the lowest LCOE. The main focus of this final report was to experimentally validate the thermodynamic properties that formed the basis of the thermo-economic model built in Phase 2, and thus build confidence that the predictions of the model could be used reliably for process downselection and preliminary design at a given set of geothermal (and/or waste heat) boundary conditions.

关键词：新能源与高效节能；地热能；地热发电厂；二元流体系统边界条件

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