The article proposes a vehicle lane positioning technique based on joint frequency difference of arrival (FDOA) and time difference of arrival (TDOA) principle by measuring Doppler frequency, and derives possible solutions. The vehicle sensor measures the incoming RF signals from a reference emitter at time delayed locations and utilizes the characteristics of this downlink communications to accurately determine the frequency offset as well as time stamp of the packet. The article also addresses the limitations of the technique such as velocity vector estimations at measurement locations and offers possible solutions including Bayesian and triangulation estimation.

关键词：传感器；全球定位系统；通信；射频系统

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This report details the current progress in the design, implementation, and validation of the signal conditioning circuitry used in a measurement instrumentation system. The purpose of this text is to document the current progress of a particular design in signal conditioning circuitry in an instrumentation system. The input of the signal conditioning circuitry comes from a piezoresistive transducer and the output will be fed to a 250 ksps, 12-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with an input range of 0-5 V. It is assumed that the maximum differential voltage amplitude input from the sensor is 20 mV with an unknown, but presumably high, sensor bandwidth. This text focuses on a specific design; however, the theory is presented in such a way that this text can be used as a basis for future designs.

关键词：传感器；模拟数字转换器；信号调节；测量仪器

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Two flash lidars, integrated from a number of cutting-edge components from industry and NASA, are lab characterized and flight tested for determination of maximum operational range under the Autonomous Landing and Hazard Avoidance Technology (ALHAT) project (in its fourth development and field test cycle) which is seeking to develop a guidance, navigation, and control (GN&C) and sensing system based on lidar technology capable of enabling safe, precise crewed or robotic landings in challenging terrain on planetary bodies under any ambient lighting conditions. The flash lidars incorporate pioneering 3-D imaging cameras based on Indium-Gallium-Arsenide Avalanche Photo Diode (InGaAs APD) and novel micro-electronic technology for a 128 x 128 pixel array operating at 30 Hz, high pulse-energy 1.06 micrometer Nd:YAG lasers, and high performance transmitter and receiver fixed and zoom optics. The two flash lidars are characterized on the NASA-Langley Research Center (LaRC) Sensor Test Range, integrated with other portions of the ALHAT GN&C system from partner organizations into an instrument pod at NASA-JPL, integrated onto an Erickson Aircrane Helicopter at NASA-Dryden, and flight tested at the Edwards AFB Rogers dry lakebed over a field of human-made geometric hazards during the summer of 2010. Results show that the maximum operational range goal of 1 km is met and exceeded up to a value of 1.2 km. In addition, calibrated 3-D images of several hazards are acquired in real-time for later reconstruction into Digital Elevation Maps (DEM's).

关键词：传感器；光学雷达；自动着陆控制；铟镓砷化物

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Textron Defense Systems has developed a wide range of unattended ground sensor (UGS) systems for the military and border patrol. These include T-UGS (Tactical UGS), U-UGS (Urban UGS), and most recently the new MicroObserver? multimodal UGS system. MicroObserver? is characterized by its best-in-class covertness, ease of deployment, negligible false alarm rate, and extremely long battery life (2+ years), yet with very low total cost of ownership. It uses advanced tracking and imaging algorithms to provide detection, classification and identification of both personnel and vehicles, and is proven in operational use to deliver reliable actionable intelligence to remote operators.

关键词：传感器；探测器；Tugs；Ugs；监测

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Insulators need to be discharged after each wheel revolution. Sensor responses repeatable within one standard deviation in the noise of the signal. Insulators may not need to be cleaned after each revolution. Parent Technology-Mars Environmental Compatibility Assessment/Electrometer Electrostatic sensors with dissimilar cover insulators Protruding insulators tribocharge against regolith simulant Developed for use on the scoop for the 2001 Mars Odyssey lander Wheel Electrostatic Spectrometer Embedded electrostatic sensors in prototype Martian rover wheel If successful, this technology will enable constant electrostatic testing on Mars Air ionizing fan used to neutralize the surface charge on cover insulators. WES rolled on JSClA lunar simulant Control experiment-Static elimination not conducted between trials-Capacitor discharged after each experiment Charge neutralization experiment-Static elimination conducted between trials-Capacitor discharged after each experiment. Air ionizing fan used on insulators after each wheel revolution Capacitor discharged after each trial Care was taken to roll WES with same speed/pressure Error bars represent one standard deviation in the noise of each sensor.

关键词：传感器；静电学；绝缘子；分光仪

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Backup warning system devices were evaluated to determine if they would alert winter maintenance snow plow drivers to obstacles directly behind the trailer and out of view of the driver when a unit is backed up. When the sensors on the back of the tow plow were covered with snow during plowing operations, the sensor would go off in the cab and continue going off, which would result in drivers turning the volume of the unit way down. One shop stated that the wireless transmitted signal would be hit or miss depending on the winter weather that they were operating in. The sensors on the back of the tow plow trailer would come in contact with salt brine and in this situation one of the sensors did go bad. The weatherproof box that was designed to keep the system waterproof did not fully keep the moisture out. It was found that the system did alert drivers of items behind the unit and there were no backup accidents reported during the research period.

关键词：传感器；牵引犁；备份预警系统；除雪

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Cyanide is a deadly poison which may be ingested or inhaled and can cause severe incapacitation or death. The diagnosis of cyanide exposure is critical to speed treatment and reduce harm. The development of a diagnostic sensor device and the identification and analysis of novel biomarkers of cyanide exposure are the major objectives of this research. Since the onset of toxic outcome from cyanide exposure is very fast, a rapid and portable sensor for the detection of cyanide exposure was developed and tested. The sensor utilized a cyanide-selective fluorescent reaction as the core chemical reaction with micro-diffusion sample preparation (previously reported). Second- and third-generation cyanide sensors were developed and the latest version is currently undergoing laboratory testing. Multiple novel markers of cyanide exposure were also identified as having potential advantages to cyanide and thiocyanate, and methods of analysis for these markers were developed or are in the process of being developed. Specifically, 2-amino-2-thiozoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA), alpha-ketoglutarate, and a cyanide-glutathione adduct were investigated. Toxicokinetic models were obtained through analysis of the plasma concentrations of ATCA, cyanide, and thiocyanate, analyzed from cyanide-exposed rats (previously reported), rabbits (reported in 2012), and swine, to assess the utility of ATCA as a bio-marker for cyanide exposure.

关键词：传感器；实验室检测；氰化物；化学反应

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Data reported by sensors in building automation and control systems is critical for evaluating the as-operated performance of a facility. Typically these systems are designed to support specific control domains, but facility performance analysis requires the fusion of data across these domains. Since a facility may have several disparate, closed-loop systems, resolution of data interoperability issues is a prerequisite to cross-domain data fusion. In previous publications, the authors have proposed an experimental platform for building information fusion where the sensors are reconciled to building information model elements and ultimately to an expected resource utilization schedule. The motivation for this integration is to provide a framework for comparing the as-operated facility with its intended usage patterns. While the authors data integration framework provides representational tools for integrating BIM and raw sensor data, appropriate computational approaches for normalization, filtering, and pattern extraction methods must be developed to provide a mathematical basis for anomaly detection and plan versus actual comparisons of resource use. This article presents a computational workflow for categorizing daily resource usage according to a resolution typical of human- specified schedules. Simulated datasets and real datasets are used as the basis for experimental analysis of the authors approach, and results indicate that the algorithm can produce 90matching accuracy with noise/variations up to 55.

关键词：建筑自动化和控制；控制系统；数据聚类；生命周期

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A new generation of miniaturized ultra-high sensitivity atomic magnetometers is being developed and integrated into military systems. These new systems aggregate advances in micro-electromechanical systems, atomic physics, optics, electromagnetics, and data acquisition methodologies for record-level performance in terms of total magnetic field sensitivity while attaining large reductions in size, weight, and power. Very small scale sensors (on the order of a few cubic centimeters) have been demonstrated in both scalar and vector modes and integrated into designs for various defense applications. The focus of our work is on the practical integration of these sensors into operational platforms. There are a number of implications for utilizing these sensors in working environments such that signal-to-noise ratios, detection probabilities, and false alarm mitigation are optimized. The challenges of developing working sensor modules and platforms that operate effectively in the Earth's magnetic field for various military target detection, localization, and characterization missions are significant. We examine the mitigation of platform and environmental noise as well as the development of sensor arrays and associated data acquisition systems. Variations of and enhancements to conventional low frequency magnetometry are investigated through preliminary experimental data in addition to modeling and simulations. In particular, we discuss unique deployment concepts for sensor control, target geolocation, and data processing. Emphasis is placed on prototypes with specific bandwidth sensitivity tailored to a subset of platforms (small unmanned ground, unmanned undersea and unmanned aerial vehicles) and targets of interest. Applications include configurations for undersea and underground threat detection - particularly those associated with stationary or mobile explosives and compact metallic targets such as munitions, improvised threat devices, submarines, and other hazardous objects. We show the potential of current and future features of miniaturized magnetic sensors including very high magnetic field sensitivities, bandwidth selectivity, source field control, and array processing.

关键词：传感器；电磁场；磁探测器；防御系统

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The Sensor Research Lab at the Naval Postgraduate School is developing a real-time THz imaging camera. Vital to its design is the metamaterial absorbing layer (metafilm) within each pixel that allows for THz absorption. While there are numerous applications in the THz region, sensors and sources for THz energy have much room for improvement. The use of metamaterial technology for the purpose of a THz sensor has the potential to reduce costs while greatly improving sensitivity performance. The Sensor Research Lab has fabricated metafilms capable of near 100 percent absorption. In this research project, absorption characteristics of a set of metamaterials were measured using Fourier transform THz spectroscopy and modeled using an RLC circuit. The model provides a good description of the absorption characteristics and should assist in better understanding of the electromagnetic interactions within the metafilm.

关键词：传感器；超材料；电磁辐射；共振吸收

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