Raytheon is developing NIR sensor chip assemblies (SCAs) for scanning and staring 3D LADAR systems. High sensitivity is obtained by integrating high performance detectors with gain, i.e., APDs with very low noise Readout Integrated Circuits (ROICs). Unique aspects of these designs include: independent acquisition (non-gated) of pulse returns, multiple pulse returns with both time and intensity reported to enable full 3D reconstruction of the image. Recent breakthrough in device design has resulted in HgCdTe APDs operating at 300K with essentially no excess noise to gains in excess of 100, low NEP <1nW and GHz bandwidths and have demonstrated linear mode photon counting. SCAs utilizing these high performance APDs have been integrated and demonstrated excellent spatial and range resolution enabling detailed 3D imagery both at short range and long ranges. In the following we will review progress in real-time 3D LADAR imaging receiver products in three areas: (1) scanning 256 x 4 configuration for the Multi-Mode Sensor Seeker (MMSS) program and (2) staring 256 x 256 configuration for the Autonomous Landing and Hazard Avoidance Technology (ALHAT) lunar landing mission and (3) Photon-Counting SCAs which have demonstrated a dramatic reduction in dark count rate due to improved design, operation and processing.

关键词：传感器；接收器；光雷达；近红外辐射；成像技术

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This report describes the development of an undersea fiber-optic magnetometer, suitable for remote deployment as a moving target detection system. A comprehensive overview of the operating principle and performance of this sensor system is given. The magnetic field sensor utilizes the Lorentzian force acting on a current carrying bridge in the presence of a magnetic field, which drives its oscillation measured with a fiber laser strain sensor. The undersea node occupies a footprint of 303 mm x 303 mm and is connected to the opto-electronics unit through an undersea cable 1 km in length. The deployed orientation of the node is measured with an integrated MEMS inclinometer, which is optically powered. The sensor is capable of achieving a magnetic field resolution of 343 pT/Hz(careet)(1/2) at 1 Hz for 75 mA (rms) dither current when operated in a moderate vacuum of 1 kPa.

关键词：磁强计；光纤；微机电系统；移动目标；水下设备

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Robotics researchers will be aware of Dexter Kozen's contributions to algebraic algorithms, which have enabled the widespread use of the theory of real closed fields and polynomial arithmetic for motion planning. However, Dexter has also made several important contributions to the theory of information invariants, and produced some of the most profound results in this field. These are first embodied in his 1978 paper On the Power of the Compass, with Manuel Blum. This work has had a wide impact in robotics and nanoscience. Starting with Dexter's insights, robotics researchers have explored the problem of determining the information requirements to perform robot tasks, using the concept of information invariants. This represents an attempt to characterize a family of complicated and subtle issues concerned with measuring robot task complexity. In this vein, several measures have been proposed [14] to measure the information complexity of a task: (a) How much internal state should the robot retain? (b) How many cooperating robots are required, and how much communication between them is necessary? (c) How can the robot change (side-effect) the environment in order to record state or sensory information to perform a task? (d) How much information is provided by sensors? and (e) How much computation is required by the robot? We have considered how one might develop a kind of "calculus" on (a) - (e) in order to compare the power of sensor systems analytically. To this end, information invariants is a theory whereby one sensor can be "reduced" to another (much in the spirit of computation-theoretic reductions), by adding, deleting, and reallocating (a) - (e) among collaborating autonomous robots. As we show below, this work steers using Dexter's compass.

关键词：传感器；机器人；指南针

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Flight tests of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Turbulence Prediction And Warning System (TPAWS) were conducted in the Fall of 2000 and Spring of 2002. TPAWS is a radar-based airborne turbulence detection system. During twelve flights, NASA's B-757 tallied 53 encounters with convectively induced turbulence. Analysis of data collected during 49 encounters in the Spring of 2002 showed that the TPAWS Airborne Turbulence Detection System (ATDS) successfully detected 80of the events at least 30 seconds prior to the encounter, achieving FAA recommended performance criteria. Details of the flights, the prevailing weather conditions, and each of the turbulence events are presented in this report. Sensor and environmental characterizations are also provided.

关键词：传感器；飞行试验；湍流；预警系统；GOES卫星

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Ibex seeks to provide more timely understanding of the space environment to support course of action implementation in the Joint Space Operations Center (JSpOC). The program will develop and deliver data fusion capabilities into the JSpOC to support sensor tip & cue (surveillance to tasking). Ibex algorithms are compatible for direct integration into the JSPOC Mission System (JMS) products. In this phase of the program, the program will develop and demonstrate algorithms and software to autonomously accept, organize, process and analyze Space Situational Awareness (SSA) data in three primary areas: Dynamic Sensor Tasking (DST), Positive Object Identification (POI) and Rapid Object Characterization (ROC). This paper will discuss those areas in some detail and the systems engineering effort to support interfaces between the three areas. The Ibex program completed a Critical Design Review in July 2012 and will complete its initial demonstration in November 2012. Ibex is a jointly funded DARPA and Air Force program.

关键词：数据融合；算法；计算机程序；空间环境；系统工程

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Cratos was originally designed to evaluate a small footprint, low-power, tracked vehicle for traversing a crater face and for scraping regolith from a crater basin on the lunar surface. These activities require a power-to-weight ratio such that the vehicle is able to pull its entire mass vertically off the ground with the power from one track. Further complicating matters, the available power-units that fit the vehicles approximate one cubic meter volume, restrict power consumption to 100 watts. Lastly, the vehicle is required to telemeter data from an array of sensors to a remote control station for further study. This unique mix of design constraints lead to the creation of a versatile mobile sensor platform, described in this paper, capable of performing a myriad of functions beyond the scope of its original purpose.

关键词：机器人；设计分析；远程控制；遥测

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The manufacturer designed InSight for military use but is currently seeking FCC approval for civilian law enforcement use. Under the Criminal Justice Technology Information and Sensor Systems CoE (Award No. 2009-IJ-CX-K113), operated by SCRA, several domestic police departments evaluated the device with favorable reviews. One department had on hand another TTWS, Radar Vision by Time Domain (a device no longer produced) and compared the performance of the two devices, finding the InSight to be superior in portability and ease of use (Radar Vision is a much larger, two-handed device). However, the older device was able to better detect and track targets through interferences such as glass, steel supports and sheet rock.

关键词：传感器；雷达跟踪；检测；便携式设备；搜索雷达

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The implementation of imaging systems onboard UAVs allows the development of original methodologies for extracting information concerning the surrounding environment, as well as of the vehicle itself. Imaging sensors, are very attractive since they are passive, non-contact, very versatile, and low-cost. In addition, they can be used in situations where other sensing devices fail, leading to a whole new group of applications that can be accomplished. However, before using imaging sensors a mathematical model must be computed, describing how the 3-dimensional points are represented in 2-dimensional images. For the interested reader, there are numerous computer vision books covering related topics in great detail, see for example [40] and [60]. In the present chapter the required theoretical background for the construction of imaging models is briefly presented, and in addition, the physical implementation of the imaging system for estimating the sates of a UAV is also addressed. This chapter is divided as follows. Section 5.1 presents the pinhole camera model, as well as a camera calibration procedure for obtaining the intrinsic parameters. Next, stereo imaging is introduced in Sect. 5.2, with an explanation of the epipolar geometry concept. Also, a method for stereo calibration and rectification is presented. With the purpose of allowing the estimation of relative translational speed using an imaging sensor, the concept of optical flow and a method for its computation are detailed in Sect. 5.3. In Sect. 5.4, some important points that must be considered when implementing an imaging system onboard a quad-rotor UAV are discussed. In addition, the development of both a monocular and a stereo imaging system is presented, as well as the software architecture conceived with the purpose of estimating the data required for performing vision-based tasks. Finally, some concluding remarks are presented in Sect. 5.5.

关键词：传感器；成像；车载无人飞行器；数学建模

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The research supported by the grant: (a) develops the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) of the target localization estimation error for the general case of MIMO radar with multiple waveforms with non-coherent and coherent observations; (b) finds a closed-form solution for the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE) of target localization for coherent and non-coherent MIMO radars, providing a closed-form solution and a comprehensive evaluation of the performance of the estimator's MSE. This gives insight into the relation between sensor locations, target location, and localization accuracy through the use of the geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) metric; (c) present an analysis on the ambiguity arising in the high resolution localization due to sidelobe characteristics of the MIMO system using the Ziv-Zakai Bound (ZZB). (d) leveraging the concept of compressed sensing, it shows that by properly choosing a sufficient number of random sensors the ambiguities can be made arbitrarily small. Furthermore, the number of sensors can be trade with computational complexity, demonstrating that high resolution can be obtained with a relatively low number of randomly placed sensors.

关键词：传感器；雷达图像；探测器；信噪比

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Detecting rotating engine component malfunctions and structural anomalies is increasingly becoming a crucial key feature that will help boost safety and lower maintenance cost. However, achievement of such technology, which can be referred to as a health monitoring remains somewhat challenging to implement. This is mostly due to presence of scattered loading conditions, crack sizes, component geometry and material properties that hinders the simplicity of imposing such application. Different approaches are being considered to assist in developing other means of health monitoring or nondestructive techniques to detect hidden flaws and mini cracks before any catastrophic events occur. These methods extend further to assess material discontinuities and other defects that have matured to the level where a failure is very likely. This paper is focused on presenting data obtained from spin test experiments of a turbine engine like rotor disk and their correlation to the development of a structural health monitoring and fault detection system. The data collected includes blade tip clearance, blade tip timing measurements and shaft displacements. The experimental results are collected at rotational speeds up to 10,000 Rpm and tests are conducted at the NASA Glenn Research Center s Rotordynamics Laboratory via a high precision spin system. Additionally, this study offers a closer glance at a selective online evaluation of a rotating disk using advanced capacitive, microwave and eddy current sensor technology.

关键词：微波传感器；旋转试验；涡轮发动机；系统健康监测；故障检测

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