Shack-Hartmann type laser wavefront sensors were used for two-dimensional electron density imaging over free-burning SF_6 arcs at current zero in order to experimentally characterise electron density distributions for the success and failure of arc interruption. The success probabilities of the arc interruption were strongly related to not the absolute values of the electron densities but the morphological parameters of the SF_6 arc plasmas at current zero. When the electron density distributions were axially symmetric with respect to the geometrical axis defined by the electrodes, the current interruption failed with a probability of 78%. On the other hand, axially asymmetric electron density distributions demonstrated great interruption performance and the current interruption was successful with a probability of 88%.

关键词：传感器；电弧放电；中断;电子密度；夏克 - 哈特曼；SF6气体

查看摘要 索取原文[6页]

In vivo optical imaging is being conducted in a variety of medical applications, including optical breast cancer imaging, functional brain imaging, endoscopy, exercise medicine, and monitoring the photodynamic therapy and progress of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In the past three decades, in vivo diffuse optical breast cancer imaging has shown promising results in cancer detection, and monitoring the progress of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The use of near infrared spectroscopy for functional brain imaging has been growing rapidly. In fluorescence imaging, the difference between autofluorescence of cancer lesions compared to normal tissues were used in endoscopy to distinguish malignant lesions from normal tissue or inflammation and in determining the boarders of cancer lesions in surgery. Recent advances in drugs targeting specific tumor receptors, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAb), has created a new demand for developing non-invasive in vivo imaging techniques for detection of cancer biomarkers, and for monitoring their down regulations during therapy. Targeted treatments, combined with new imaging techniques, are expected to potentially result in new imaging and treatment paradigms in cancer therapy. Similar approaches can potentially be applied for the characterization of other disease-related biomarkers. In this chapter, we provide a review of diffuse optical and fluorescence imaging techniques with their application in functional brain imaging and cancer diagnosis.

关键词：体内光学成像；医药；医疗应用；癌症诊断

查看摘要 索取原文[33页]

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been increasingly available for critical applications such as security surveillance and environmental monitoring. As a fundamental performance measure of WSNs, coverage characterizes how well a sensing field is monitored by a network. Two facets of coverage, i.e., spatial coverage and temporal coverage, quantify the percentage of area that is well monitored by the network and the timeliness of the network in detecting targets appearing in the sensing field, respectively. Although advanced collaborative signal processing algorithms have been adopted by many existing WSNs, most previous analytical studies on spatiotemporal coverage of WSNs are conducted based on overly simplistic sensing models (e.g., the disc model) that do not capture the stochastic nature of sensing. In this chapter, we attempt to bridge this gap by exploring the fundamental limits of spatiotemporal coverage based on stochastic data fusion models that fuse noisy measurements of multiple sensors. We derive the scaling laws between spatiotemporal coverage, network density, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We show that data fusion can significantly improve spatiotemporal coverage by exploiting the collaboration among sensors when several physical properties of the target signal are known. In particular, for signal path loss exponent of k (typically between 2.0 and 5.0), we prove that ρ_f/ρ_d = (O)(δ~(2/k)), where ρ_f and ρ_d are the densities of uniformly deployed sensors that achieve full spatial coverage or minimum detection delay under the fusion and disc models, respectively, and δ is SNR. Our results help understand the limitations of the previous analytical results based on the disc model and provide key insights into the design of WSNs that adopt data fusion algorithms. Our analyses are verified through extensive simulations based on both synthetic data sets and data traces collected in a real deployment for vehicle detection.

关键词：无线传感器网络；安全监控；时间覆盖

查看摘要 索取原文[49页]

Partial μ/κ opioid agonists produce analgesia and may have fewer side effects than full μ or κ agonists. Also, a ceiling effect has been observed with many μ/κ partial agonists, which may account for attenuation in side effects. Many benzomorphans, including cyclazocine and pentazocine, are mixed μ/κ partial agonists. Recent efforts have been focused on the synthesis of long-acting benzomorphans. Aminothiazolomorphinans are an example of novel morphinans having mixed κ and μ activity. The recognition of receptor dimerization and that μ and κ monomeric opioid receptors may be in close proximity lead to the synthesis of bivalent ligands. The two pharmacophores comprising the bivalent ligands determine their μ/κ pharmacological properties. Bivalent opioid ligands represent a relatively new class of opioid ligands.

关键词：受体激动剂；副作用；医药；天花板效应

查看摘要 索取原文[16页]

This Technical Support Document (TSD) describes the process and methodology for the development of the Advanced Energy Design Guide for Large Hospitals: Achieving 50% Energy Savings Toward a Net Zero Energy Buildings (AEDG-LH) (ASHRAE et al. 2012). The AEDG-LH provides recommendations for achieving 50% whole-building energy savings in large hospital buildings over levels achieved by following ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004, Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings (Standard 90.1-2004) (ASHRAE 2004b). The AEDG-LH was developed in collaboration with ASHRAE, AIA, IES, USGBC, ASHE, and DOE.

关键词：节能；能源管理；医院；标准

查看摘要 索取原文[147页]

Online knowledge resources such as Medline can address most clinicians' patient care information needs. Yet, significant barriers, notably lack of time, limit the use of these sources at the point of care. The most common information needs raised by clinicians are treatment-related. Comparative effectiveness studies allow clinicians to consider multiple treatment alternatives for a particular problem. Still, solutions are needed to enable efficient and effective consumption of comparative effectiveness research at the point of care. Objective: Design and assess an algorithm for automatically identifying comparative effectiveness studies and extracting the interventions investigated in these studies. Methods: The algorithm combines semantic natural language processing, Medline citation metadata, and machine learning techniques. We assessed the algorithm in a case study of treatment alternatives for depression. Results: Both precision and recall for identifying comparative studies was 0.83. A total of 86% of the interventions extracted perfectly or partially matched the gold standard. Conclusion: Overall, the algorithm achieved reasonable performance. The method provides building blocks for the automatic summarization of comparative effectiveness research to inform point of care decision-making.

关键词：比较效益研究；机器学习；计算机辅助决策；信息需求；医药

查看摘要 索取原文[5页]

A sugar-chain-immobilized chip (named Sugar Chip, SC) and gold nano-particles (SGNP) were developed. Using these tools, nano-biotechnology methods were developed to discriminate the viral strains and to detect viruses high sensitively. Influenza viruses bind to neuraminic acid containing sugar-chains on the cell surface at the first stage of infection. The binding potency of type A influenza viruses was evaluated using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) imaging and SC immobilized with 6 kinds of sugar-chains containing N-acetylneuraminic acid and 2 kinds of sugar-chains with no N-acetylneuraminic acid. The relative binding potency of viruses to 8 kinds of sugar-chains immobilized on the SC varied even though the viruses were classified in the same serotype. Using 242 strains of influenza virus, we obtained 1976 data sets, created a database, and developed an algorithm based on the nearest neighbor with Euclidean distance to estimate the most similar strains according to the relative sugar-chain binding potency. Based on the database and the algorithm, we estimated the influenza virus strains most similar to the 2009 pandemic viruses (HlNlpdm2009) that were obtained from clinical isolates. In addition, based on the binding data, we found that the sugar-chain, heparin, binds to every virus, which allowed us to prepare heparin-immobilized gold nano-particles. Then, using these nano-particles, we established a novel technique for a super sensitive detection method of influenza viruses in combination with a real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (real time qPCR). Using this method, we were able to detect influenza viruses that existed in the saliva of asymptomatic patients. Supportive clinical evaluations, during the 2011-2012 season, for influenza diagnosis were also obtained.

关键词：流感病毒；医药；灵敏度检测；纳米粒子

查看摘要 索取原文[20页]

This paper introduces a system that can effectively save home energy by applying a small embedded system through remote control. We used a wireless router based on OpenWrt for the platform to develop an embedded system and a smart phone for the remote LED light control. The system was implemented by connecting a wireless router with an OS of OpenWrt installed and an interface board with an LED attached. The smart phone, which was the remote control device, was implemented by TCP/IP programming. The operation of the remote control system was verified by socket communication between the smart phone and the wireless router, and by USB communication between the wireless router and the interface board.

关键词：节能；OpenWrt；无线路由器；智能手机

查看摘要 索取原文[5页]

The provision of the Health services in the EU despite the evolvement of ICT follows a rather traditional path were the patient is totally dependable from his/hers doctors seeking guidance for every decision he/she needs to take related to his/her condition. The vision of the iCare approach is to provide better support to patients from the comfort of their home. This paper presents a new innovative approach to improve Patient Guidance Services (PGS). iCare approach takes full advantage of Semantic Web technologies and IoT and provides a new approach that would put the demands of the patient in the center and exploiting the available sources it will offer patient guidance services reducing dramatically the patient dependency from his/her doctors.

关键词：医药；信息和通信技术；辅导服务；信息服务

查看摘要 索取原文[19页]

Recent developments in image and video technologies enabled easy access to a new type of sensor-based networks, Visual Sensor Networks (VSN). VSNs are gaining a lot of attention lately. They are used in several applications including surveillance and telepresence. They consist of several low-cost, low-power visual nodes with sensing, data processing, and communication capabilities. These tiny nodes are able to collect large volumes of images, process them, and send extracted data to each other and to the base station for further analysis. Unfortunately, the huge amount of data captured and processed is faced with the limited resources of such platforms. There are several challenges involved with the design and implementation of VSNs. This chapter presents an overview of visual nodes, architectures, and challenges. It also reviews available VSN platforms and compares their processing capabilities, highlighting the need for new lightweight but efficient image processing algorithms and architectures.

关键词：传感器；图像和视频技术；视觉传感器网络；VSN

查看摘要 索取原文[19页]