Existing research has identified transportation challenges that low-income workers face, including a spatial mismatch between suburban entry level-jobs and urban low-income workers. These studies rely on travel models and secondary data and thus may not capture the temporal or other constraints that low-income workers experience. To better understand mobility patterns and accessibility as experienced, this analysis considers commute choices and perceptions of accessibility. Findings are based on open-ended surveys with 50 low-income workers in New Orleans and its inner suburbs. According to a sizable share of respondents (40%), transportation problems do not preclude applying to jobs. Black and centrally located respondents most commonly did not perceive transportation as a limitation to job opportunities. On the other hand, many respondents did describe an inability to get to suburban job opportunities. Even when missed job opportunities were not reported, almost all respondents cited transportation problems for some locations or activities, especially shopping. Losing a functional automobile was a common reason to change commute mode after Hurricane Katrina, indicating that low-income workers may shift in and out of car ownership, as well change home and job locations. A few respondents mostly active mode users were highly satisfied with their journey to work. Interviewees most commonly desired increased frequency and reliability as critical transit improvements. The mixed findings on perceived job accessibility demonstrate the need to better integrate transportation and workforce research and policy. In addition, more transportation research work on perceptions and actual challenges is needed, including the role of time in workplace demands and physical accessibility. Finally, given dynamic auto ownership status, jobs, and residential patterns, longitudinal study is needed.

关键词：汽车；经验；安全

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These briefing charts discusses naval operations around the world, such as: global context, how the navy protects the USA, how the Navy protects the USA on the sea, naval aviation and under the sea, naval research, science nad technology strategy, directed energy, EM railguns, challenges faced, EM- cyber defense, warfighter performances, STEM opportunities, and the critical care system.

关键词：海军行动；海军研究；军事医学；医药

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When the quality of service (QoS) of an unmanned air vehicle's (UAV) communications link is poor, and the UAV is tracking a moving target, a trade- off exists between the fidelity and timeliness of information provided from the vehicle to an operator. The authors' 2011 ICCRTS paper showed that an optimal representation scheme for transmitting information from UAV to operator can be found by using information theory. This paper extends that work by introducing an adaptive, autonomous UAV command and control system that autonomously changes the fidelity of information communicated to an operator in response to variances in communications QoS. Results and analysis of hardware-in-the-loop experiments using a UAV that is tracking a moving car are presented. The paper also examines the impact of information decay and network performance on both human tele-operation and on-board autonomous control, comparing the relative performance of tele-operation and autonomy as a function of entropic drag, which is a measurement, in information theory 'bits,' of the rate at which information is lost due to unpredictable changes in the environment. In the experiments described in this paper, entropic drag is produced by the movement of the vehicle being tracked.

关键词：汽车；空气系统；大气污染

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No abstract available.

关键词：毒理学；对健康的影响；2-3环氧丙癸酸；医药

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No abstract available.

关键词：毒理学；健康影响；甲醛；聚合物与二甲基苯酚

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No abstract available.

关键词：毒理学；慢性毒性；急性毒性；医药

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This report discusses light-vehicle crash countermeasure profiles and functions for five target pre-crash scenario groups based on vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications. Target pre-crash scenario groups include rear-end, lane change, opposite direction, junction crossing, and left turn across path from opposite direction (LTAP/OD) crashes involving at least one light vehicle (e.g., passenger car, van, minivan, sport utility vehicle, or light pickup truck with a gross vehicle weight rating of 10,000 pounds or less). There are 10 pre-crash scenarios in these groups to be addressed by V2V-based crash countermeasures. Kinematic equations are presented for the time-to-collision and avoidance maneuvers to identify information needs for these crash countermeasures. Information needs are translated into countermeasure functional requirements based on relevant safety applications devised in two prior research projects dealing with cooperative V2V communications and autonomous vehicle-based sensing systems. This report identifies two target pre-crash scenarios that would require new safety applications not developed in prior projects, including the LTAP/OD and opposite direction/no vehicle maneuver pre-crash scenarios.

关键词：汽车；安全；避免碰撞

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This guidance provides general standards which should be used for to register with the Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM or the Center) Electronic Submission System (ESS) to submit information in electronic format using the FDA Electronic Submissions Gateway (ESG). FDA's guidance documents, including this guidance, does not establish legally enforceable responsibilities. Instead, guidance describing the Agency's current thinking on a topic and should be viewed only as recommendations, unless specific regulatory or statutory requirements are cited. The use of the word should in Agency guidances means that something is suggested or recommended, but not required.

关键词：行业指导；兽药；行政程序；数据传输；医药

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The LRT system in Denver, Colorado, connects the downtown with neighborhoods to the North, but primarily stretches southwards, travelling in existing transportation corridors carrying freeways and a heavy rail system. Outside of the downtown areas, the siting of the LRT system alongside the rigid infrastructure that comprises the heavy rail system and the freeway systems severely inhibits pedestrian accessibility to the transit system. To help further understand how the level of accessibility varies across the system, a systematic pedestrian level-of-service index for each station within the system was created that takes into account the formal, as well as informal street networks. This inaccessibility is highly likely to limit the potential that this system may have to generate development near station located that is fully integrated with the LRT system. Primary data collected by surveying households across the metropolitan area revealed very little difference between car ownership rates and weekly VMT of survey respondents living within 12- mile of an LRT station and elsewhere in the metropolitan area. Differentiating between those station areas that were Park-and-Ride (that is, had a park-and-ride lot) versus Walk-and-Ride showed a more nuanced picture. Residents who live in Walk-and-Ride stations do have have lower VMT than those who live in Park-and-Ride station areas and those who do not live near an LRT station. This reinforces the fact that development needs to be more fully integrated with the LRT system in order to achieve some intended goals such as less dependence on automobiles.

关键词：汽车；交互；潜在贡献

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Combination therapy is increasingly utilized for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. However, co-administration of drugs, particularly agents that are substrates for or inhibitors of p-glycoprotein, can result in increased toxicity. As adverse tissue drug concentrations are not always exposed by plasma drug concentrations, we performed studies in mice to assess both the plasma and tissue levels of the cytotoxics docetaxel and doxorubicin when administered concomitantly with the pglycoprotein substrate/inhibitor lapatinib. Both combinations are currently being investigated in clinical trials. Materials and Methods: Time course plasma and tissue distribution studies of concomitant lapatinib and docetaxel or doxorubicin were conducted in mice. Intravenous chemotherapy was administered one hour after the first intraperitoneal lapatinib dose. Both single and multiple dose lapatinib were evaluated. Samples were collected up to 12 and 48 hrs post docetaxel and doxorubicin administration, respectively, and drug concentrations were determined. Results: In toxicologically significant tissues, combination lapatinib and docetaxel resulted in a 32.8% and 44.6% increase in intestinal docetaxel exposure after single and multiple dose lapatinib, respectively. The causative drug-drug interaction was likely mediated more by competitive inhibition of CYP3A4 metabolism than p-glycoprotein efflux. Conclusion: Our mouse studies of combination dosing demonstrate that lapatinib, when dosed to achieve human equivalent plasma exposure in mice, did not significantly alter the plasma or tissue pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin but did increase exposure to docetaxel in the intestine, likely leading to enhanced toxicity. Thus, caution should be taken when docetaxel and lapatinib are administered together, particularly to patients with compromised CYP3A activity.

关键词：不利条件；乳腺癌；化疗；浓度（化学）；医药

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