The overall purpose of this project was to identify, evaluate, select, develop, and test a suite of enhancements to the GoldSim software program, in order to make it a better tool for use in support of Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) projects. The GoldSim software is a foundational tool used by scientists at NETL and at other laboratories and research institutions to evaluate system=level risks of proposed CCS projects.

关键词：空气污染；系统级碳风险评估；软件框架

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The existing wired monitoring systems for edible fungus cultivation has some shortcomings such as complex wiring,unsatisfied function,low automatic level and so on.This paper developed a composite environment monitoring system for edible fungus cultivation based on wireless sensor network with ZigBee technology.Through a star wireless sensor network topology,this system acquired the temperature and humidity of cultivation environment,as well as thegrowing image of edible fungus.Meanwhile,according to the growing nature of edible fungus,a control strategy for cultivation environment was developed and integrated in the system.The proposed composite environment monitoring system provided a good solution for edible fungus cultivation industry.

关键词：食用菌栽培；环境监测；控制策略；ZigBee

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Research was undertaken to investigate the issues impacting the expansion of containerized cargo in Wisconsin, Minnesota and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Best practices in container pooling, load matching, inland ports and electronic tracking were assessed. Interviews were conducted with key stakeholders to determine regional anomalies. Regional intermodal terminals and depots were cataloged and selective ones toured. Proposals were made for adopting best practices. Outreach to the stakeholders in the region on the results of the study was undertaken.

关键词：空气污染；空气污染控制；锰；集装箱池

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The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Engineering and Physical Hazards Branch (EPHB) and the University of Massachusetts Lowell (UMass Lowell) Environmental Health and Safety Team assessed nanoparticle emissions in a chemical laboratory at UMass Lowell. The laboratory conducted bench-top scale product development using 20-30 nm diameter bundles of single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The tasks evaluated in this study included weighing, mixing, sonicating, coating, drying, and cutting, which are common activities in most research and commercial production facilities. Weigh-out, mixing, and sonication were conducted on the bench-top without engineering controls, while coating, drying, and cutting were conducted inside a fume hood or a ventilated enclosure. The study results provide information on exposure potential and control for common nanomanufacturing processes.

关键词：空气污染；空气污染监测；碳纳米管；纳米颗粒；排放量

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The U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Field Office (NNSA/NFO) operates the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) and North Las Vegas Facility (NLVF). From 1951 through 1992, the NNSS was the continental testing location for U.S. nuclear weapons. The release of radionuclides from NNSS activities has been monitored since the initiation of atmospheric testing. Limitation to underground detonations after 1962 greatly reduced radiation exposure to the public surrounding the NNSS. After nuclear testing ended in 1992, NNSS radiation monitoring focused on detecting airborne radionuclides from historically contaminated soils. These radionuclides are derived from re-suspension of soil (primarily by wind) and emission of tritium-contaminated soil moisture through evapotranspiration. Low amounts of legacy-related tritium are also emitted to air at the NLVF, an NNSS support complex in North Las Vegas. To protect the public from harmful levels of man-made radiation, the Clean Air Act, National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) (Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 61 Subpart H) (CFR 2010a) limits the release of radioactivity from a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) facility to that which would cause 10 millirem per year (mrem/yr) effective dose equivalent to any member of the public. This limit does not include radiation unrelated to NNSS activities. Unrelated doses could come from naturally occurring radioactive elements, from sources such as medically or commercially used radionuclides, or from sources outside of the United States, such as the damaged Fukushima nuclear power plant in Japan in 2011.

关键词：空气污染；有害空气污染物-放射性核素；国家排放标准；2012

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North Cascades National Park Complex, located in Northwest Washington, includes North Cascades National Park and Lake Chelan and Ross Lake National Recreation Areas. North Cascades National Park is designated as a Class I air quality area and is afforded special protection under the federal Clean Air Act. North Cascades National Park Complex is vulnerable to air pollution from nearby urban and agricultural areas, as well as to pollution from regional and even global sources. To better understand and protect air quality, the National Park Service has monitored air quality and air pollution-sensitive resources in the park since 1984. In 1994, the National Park Service Air Resources Division published a comprehensive review of the status of air quality and air pollution effects in five Class I parks in the Pacific Northwest. This report provides an update on air quality-related research and monitoring that has taken place at North Cascades National Park Complex.

关键词：空气污染；空气质量；北瀑布国家

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The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is providing the Draft Guidance for PM(sub 2.5) Permit Modeling to the public for consideration, review, and comment. The Draft Guidance for PM(sub 2.5) Permit Modeling incorporates the modeling procedures and recommendations from the Stephen Page, March 23, 2010, guidance memorandum, 'Modeling Procedures for Demonstrating Compliance with PM(sub 2.5) NAAQS,' and further clarifies procedures for adequately addressing primary and secondarily formed fine particulate matter (PM(sub 2.5)) in a National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) and increment compliance demonstration under Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD). This draft guidance document is also consistent with the EPA's Guideline on Air Quality Models, also published as Appendix W of 40 CFR Part 51. The release of the Guidance for PM(sub 2.5) Permit Modeling at the conclusion of this review process will fulfill a need for additional guidance on demonstrating compliance with the PM(sub 2.5) NAAQS, especially with regard to considerations of the secondarily formed component of PM(sub 2.5), as noted in the March 23, 2010, Stephen Page guidance memorandum, and is consistent with the EPA's commitments in the Gina McCarthy, January 4, 2012, administrative grant of the July 28, 2012, Sierra Club petition.

关键词：空气污染；PM2.5；建模；指导草案

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Sixteen commercial reference buildings were created in the multizone airflow and contaminant transport program CONTAM in order to support airflow and indoor air quality (IAQ) analyses, which are not possible using the existing EnergyPlus input files for these buildings. Annual airflow and contaminant simulations were performed in CONTAM for six of the buildings. Contaminant analyses were performed for occupant-generated carbon dioxide (CO2), volatile organic compounds (VOC) from indoor sources, outdoor particulate matter, and outdoor ozone. In all of the selected buildings and zones, the simulated indoor ozone and PM2.5 concentrations did not exceed indoor limits set by the World Health Organization. For CO2 and VOC, for which no similarly relevant indoor concentration standards or limits exist, the simulated concentrations were within expected ranges based on published field measurements in commercial buildings. The results of this study provide a baseline for subsequent use of these models to investigate approaches to building ventilation and other technologies that are intended to simultaneously reduce building energy consumption while maintaining or improving indoor air quality.

关键词：空气污染；室内空气污染；商业参考建筑；空气质量分析

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This study was conducted in Bakersfield, CA to investigate the emissions sources and chemistry controlling aerosol production in the southern San Joaquin Valley Air Basin (SJVAB) a region that is current ly out of compliance with ambient air quality standards for ozone and particulate matter. The primary objective was to invest igate the contributions of various sources to organic aerosol (OA) and the formation pathways of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and subsequently provide insights into effective control strategies to reduce air pollution. An in-situ thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TAG) instrument, equipped with a pm2.5 sharp-cut cyclone, was deployed to measure organic species in both gas and particle phases during the California at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex) measurement campaign from May 31st through June 27th, 2010. More than 100 compounds were quantified, including alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), branched PAHs, acids, furanones, and oxygenated compounds, which provided a large set of organic species for the investigation of SOA format ion through comparison between modeled and measured gas/part icle partitioning of Known SOA tracers and OA source apportionment through positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis.

关键词：空气污染；有机气溶胶；标记化合物；每小时原位定量

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This case study was completed in response to a company request to investigate the release of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) during cutting and sanding of composite panels containing CNTs. To evaluate the release of CNTs, a ventilated enclosure was built to capture and mix the emissions from sanding and cutting composite panels. The ventilation system consisted of a partial enclosure around the band saw, a metal duct, and a clean air machine that provided air flow and filtration. The volumetric air flow through the test system was 1,072 cubic feet per minute (cfm), with a hood face velocity of 197 feet per minute (fpm). The panel sanding and cutting was performed inside the hood face to reduce workers dust exposure and to capture emissions for characterization. The process emissions were well mixed because of the inclusion of a baffle and a 90DG elbow upstream of the sampling location. A portable air exhaust system exhausted air through the enclosure, the 90DG elbow, and the 12-inch-diameter duct.

关键词：空气污染；空气污染控制；加工材料；粒子排放

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