DSM is a product from a combination of energy economy and power economy, and a set of theoretical frames have been formed. DSM has established a new concept that energy saved at the demand-side is taken as a kind of substitutable resource of the supplier between energy development and energy conservation as well as between modern business profit mode and environmental protection. That means DSM also a kind of resource as the fifth electric power energy [1-4] excluding hydraulic power energy, thermal power energy, nuclear power energy, and renewable energy. The core concepts in DSM theory can be classified into basic concept type, evaluation index type, and evaluation method type, referred to in Table 2.1 [1-6].

关键词：节能；DSM；能源效率；负荷管理

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This paper introduces a system that can effectively save home energy by applying a small embedded system through remote control. We used a wireless router based on OpenWrt for the platform to develop an embedded system and a smart phone for the remote LED light control. The system was implemented by connecting a wireless router with an OS of OpenWrt installed and an interface board with an LED attached. The smart phone, which was the remote control device, was implemented by TCP/IP programming. The operation of the remote control system was verified by socket communication between the smart phone and the wireless router, and by USB communication between the wireless router and the interface board.

关键词：节能；OpenWrt；无线路由器；智能手机

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We present a methodology and associated analysis tool (LIGHTEnUP Lifecycle Industry GHgas, Technology and Energy through the Use Phase) that aims to capture both the manufacturing sector energy consumption and product life-cycle energy consumption implications of manufacturing innovation measures. The tool architecture incorporates U.S. national energy use data associated with manufacturing, building operations, and transportation. Inputs for technology assessment, both direct energy saving to the manufacturing sector, and indirect energy impacts to additional sectors are estimated through extensive literature review and engineering methods. The result is a transparent and uniform system of comparing manufacturing and use-phase impacts of technologies.

关键词：节能；工业工序；材料加工；经济影响；技术评估

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In this paper, we combined train performance calculation and power supply solver with our proposed multi-agent based condition monitoring under some specific conditions. The first part of this paper demonstrated the exploitation of the regenerative braking energy with on-board energy storage devices. With the proposed scheme applied in this paper, the energy consumed by the power substation can be reduced. This confirmed the attractive use in regenerative energy storage. The second part gave explanation of the train monitoring software using Java multi-agent integrating with VC++ GUI. The performances of in-service trains can be monitored online. The multi-agent system designed for this test is enhanced visually by the development of the VC++ GUI. The software tool is useful to help the system operators to improve their train service.

关键词：节能；直流电气铁路；可再生能源；多智能体系统

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From the Surface Velocity Program (SVP) drifter current data, a detailed and complete track of strong ocean currents in the north-western Pacific is provided using the bin average method. The focus of this study is on the Kuroshio, the strong western boundary current of the North Pacific flowing northward along the east coast of Taiwan and then turning eastward off southern Japan. With its average flow speed of about 2 knots, the Kuroshio can significantly increase the ship s speed for a super-slow-steaming container ship travelling at speeds of 12 knots between the ports of Southeast Asia and Japan. By properly utilizing knowledge of strong ocean currents to follow the Kuroshio on the northbound runs and avoid it on the return trip, considerable fuel can be saved and the transit time can be reduced. In the future, the detailed Kuroshio saving-energy route could be built into electronic chart systems for all navigators and shipping routers.

关键词：节能；海流；航线；轮船；速度

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This document provides a set of model protocols for determining energy and demand savings that result from specific energy efficiency measures implemented through state and utility efficiency programs. The methods described here are approaches that areor are amongthe most commonly used in the energy efficiency industry for certain measures or programs. As such, they draw from the existing body of research and best practices for energy efficiency program evaluation, measurement, and verification (EM&V). These protocols were developed as part of the Uniform Methods Project (UMP), funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The principal objective for the project was to establish easy-to-follow protocols based on commonly accepted methods for a core set of commonly deployed energy efficiency measures.

关键词：节能；电气设施；UMP；项目评估；协议

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One purpose of the long-term monitoring of this project was to show to heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning contractors and mechanical system designers the performance benefits of this type of system, with the hope that they will incorporate these practices into their system designs moving forward. One year of temperature measurements in three rooms indicates that the temperature difference between the measured locations and the thermostat were within the Air Conditioning Contractors of America (ACCA) Manual RS (Rutkowski 1997) recommendations 90.3% of the time in heating mode and 100% of the time in cooling mode. The air distribution system is operating efficiently with average delivered temperatures adequate to facilitate proper heating and cooling and only minor average temperature differences observed between the systems plenum and farthest register. The results show that the compact spider branch design provided adequate heating and cooling in addition to lower installation costs. Despite initial contractor resistance, this is a recommended design, and future research should investigate methods of outreach to mechanical installers and designers to encourage them to incorporate this design in their homes.

关键词：节能；建筑；能源效率；监控

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This project evaluates and documents the DR performance of an HPWH as compared to an ERWH for two primary types of DR events: peak curtailments and balancing reserves. The experiments were conducted with General Electric (GE) second-generation Brillion-enabled GeoSpring hybrid water heaters in the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) Lab Homes2, with one GE GeoSpring water heater operating in Standard electric resistance mode to represent the baseline and one GE GeoSpring water heater operating in Heat Pump mode to provide the comparison to heat pump-only DR. Signals were sent simultaneously to the two water heaters in the side-by-side PNNL Lab Homes under highly controlled, simulated occupancy conditions. It is expected that Hybrid DR performance, which would engage both the heat pump and electric elements, could be interpolated from these two experimental extremes.

关键词：节能；热泵；热水器；混合系统；响应；性能评估

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We developed a detailed steady-state system model, to simulate the performance of an integrated five-zone Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF)heat pump system. The system is multi-functional, capable of space cooling, space heating, combined space cooling and water heating, and dedicated water heating. Methods were developed to map the VRF performance in each mode, based on the data produced by the equipment system model. The performance maps were used in TRNSYS annual energy simulations. Using TRNSYS, we have successfully setup and run cases for a multiple-split, VRF heat pump and dehumidifier combination in 5-zone houses in 5 climates that control indoor dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity. We compared the calculated energy consumptions for the VRF heat pump against that of a baseline central air source heat pump, coupled with electric water heating and standalone dehumidifiers. In addition, we investigated multiple control scenarios for the VRF heat pump, i.e. on/off control, variable indoor air flow rate, and using different zone temperature setting schedules, etc. The energy savings for the multiple scenarios were assessed.

关键词：节能；制冷剂；空调；热泵；温度控制

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Depending on the individual school districts, grades are divided into elementary schools (grades K through 5), middle schools (grades 6 through 8), and high schools (grades 9 through 12). Included in the AEDG-K12 are prescriptive recommendations by climate zone for the design of the building envelope, fenestration, lighting systems (including electric lights and daylighting); heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems; building automation and controls; outdoor air (OA) treatment; and service water heating (SWH). Additional savings recommendations are also included, but not necessary for the 50% savings goal. These recommendations are provided for additional HVAC strategies and renewable energy systems.

关键词：节能；学校建筑；教育设施；HVAC系统；照明系统

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