This paper considers the incorporation into strategic planning of environmental impacts resulting from maintenance and rehabilitation of pavements. The energy use of such activities and resulting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are explicitly considered, and the results of a performance-based optimization are discussed. The results showed that considering environmental impacts in the strategic planning process returned a substantial gain in energy savings and reduction of GHG emissions, although a small sacrifice in pavement performance was required. The consideration of environmental impacts reduced energy use and GHG emissions by 19% and 24%, respectively, but pavement condition dropped slightly to 98.5% of the optimal solution.

关键词：节能；路面管理；环境影响；温室气体排放；能源消耗

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As part of the NAHB Research Center Industry Partnership, Southface partnered with TaC Studios, an Atlanta based architecture firm specializing in residential and light commercial design, on the construction of a new test home in Atlanta, GA in the mixed humid climate zone. This home will serve as a model home for the builder partner and addresses Building America energy savings targets through the planning and implementation of a design package will serve as a basis of design for the builder partner's future homes. As a BA test house, this home will be evaluated to detail whole house energy use, end use loads, and HVAC and hot water efficiency.

关键词：节能；住宅建筑；HVAC系统

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In order to improve the performance and energy saving of the cloud computing, the efficiency of resource allocation has become an important issue. In this study, a neural network model with learning algorithm is applied to predict the workload of the cloud server. The resource manager deployed on the cloud server provides the service of managing the jobs with a resource allocation algorithm. With this prediction mechanism, cloud service providers can forecast the following time workload of cloud servers in advance. The experimental results show that resources can be allocated efficiently and become load balanced by proposed mechanism. Therefore, the cloud server can avoid the problem of inadequate resources.

关键词：节能；云计算；预测性工作负荷；神经网络

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Based on these heating and cooling saving ranges, low-e storm windows have a technical potential energy savings that is, the energy savings that would result if all low-performing windows were covered with low-e storm windows ranging from 0.7 to 1.96 quadrillion Btus primary (source) energy. Of this technical potential, this study estimates that market adoption of low-e storm windows could reasonably achieve savings of 140 trillion Btus of primary energy annually by 2025, assuming DOE implements a number of market transformation activities directed toward low-e storm window market adoption.

关键词：节能；外户窗；技术评估；供暖系统；房屋节能改造

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This document provides a set of model protocols for determining energy and demand savings that result from specific energy efficiency measures implemented through state and utility efficiency programs. The methods described here are approaches that areor are amongthe most commonly used in the energy efficiency industry for certain measures or programs. As such, they draw from the existing body of research and best practices for energy efficiency program evaluation, measurement, and verification (EM&V). These protocols were developed as part of the Uniform Methods Project (UMP), funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The principal objective for the project was to establish easy-to-follow protocols based on commonly accepted methods for a core set of commonly deployed energy efficiency measures.

关键词：节能；电气设施；UMP；项目评估；协议

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One purpose of the long-term monitoring of this project was to show to heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning contractors and mechanical system designers the performance benefits of this type of system, with the hope that they will incorporate these practices into their system designs moving forward. One year of temperature measurements in three rooms indicates that the temperature difference between the measured locations and the thermostat were within the Air Conditioning Contractors of America (ACCA) Manual RS (Rutkowski 1997) recommendations 90.3% of the time in heating mode and 100% of the time in cooling mode. The air distribution system is operating efficiently with average delivered temperatures adequate to facilitate proper heating and cooling and only minor average temperature differences observed between the systems plenum and farthest register. The results show that the compact spider branch design provided adequate heating and cooling in addition to lower installation costs. Despite initial contractor resistance, this is a recommended design, and future research should investigate methods of outreach to mechanical installers and designers to encourage them to incorporate this design in their homes.

关键词：节能；建筑；能源效率；监控

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This project evaluates and documents the DR performance of an HPWH as compared to an ERWH for two primary types of DR events: peak curtailments and balancing reserves. The experiments were conducted with General Electric (GE) second-generation Brillion-enabled GeoSpring hybrid water heaters in the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) Lab Homes2, with one GE GeoSpring water heater operating in Standard electric resistance mode to represent the baseline and one GE GeoSpring water heater operating in Heat Pump mode to provide the comparison to heat pump-only DR. Signals were sent simultaneously to the two water heaters in the side-by-side PNNL Lab Homes under highly controlled, simulated occupancy conditions. It is expected that Hybrid DR performance, which would engage both the heat pump and electric elements, could be interpolated from these two experimental extremes.

关键词：节能；热泵；热水器；混合系统；响应；性能评估

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We developed a detailed steady-state system model, to simulate the performance of an integrated five-zone Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF)heat pump system. The system is multi-functional, capable of space cooling, space heating, combined space cooling and water heating, and dedicated water heating. Methods were developed to map the VRF performance in each mode, based on the data produced by the equipment system model. The performance maps were used in TRNSYS annual energy simulations. Using TRNSYS, we have successfully setup and run cases for a multiple-split, VRF heat pump and dehumidifier combination in 5-zone houses in 5 climates that control indoor dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity. We compared the calculated energy consumptions for the VRF heat pump against that of a baseline central air source heat pump, coupled with electric water heating and standalone dehumidifiers. In addition, we investigated multiple control scenarios for the VRF heat pump, i.e. on/off control, variable indoor air flow rate, and using different zone temperature setting schedules, etc. The energy savings for the multiple scenarios were assessed.

关键词：节能；制冷剂；空调；热泵；温度控制

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Transit administrators, engineers, and researchers often face problems for which information already exists, either in documented form or as undocumented experience and practice. This information may be fragmented, scattered, and unevaluated. As a consequence, full knowledge of what has been learned about a problem may not be brought to bear on its solution. Costly research findings may go unused, valuable experience may be overlooked, and due consideration may not be given to recommended practices for solving or alleviating the problem.This study describes how transit agencies are reducing energy use and is based on survey responses from 51 diverse agencies across the country, a literature review of a variety of academic and professional publications, and case examples of four agencies.

关键词：节能；交通部门；节能策略

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The purpose of this project was to retire key risks and overcome the technical barriers to implementing an ORC with Direct Evaporation. R&D was conducted through a partnership between the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) and General Electric (GE) Global Research Center (GRC). The project consisted of four research tasks: (1) Detailed Design & Modeling of the ORC Direct Evaporator, (2) Design and Construction of Partial Prototype Direct Evaporator Test Facility, (3) Working Fluid Decomposition Chemical Analyses, and (4) Prototype Evaluation. Issues pertinent to the selection of an ORC working fluid, along with thermodynamic and design considerations of the direct evaporator, were identified.

关键词：节能；蒸发器；排气系统；朗肯循环系统；余热利用

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