This project evaluates and documents the DR performance of an HPWH as compared to an ERWH for two primary types of DR events: peak curtailments and balancing reserves. The experiments were conducted with General Electric (GE) second-generation Brillion-enabled GeoSpring hybrid water heaters in the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) Lab Homes2, with one GE GeoSpring water heater operating in Standard electric resistance mode to represent the baseline and one GE GeoSpring water heater operating in Heat Pump mode to provide the comparison to heat pump-only DR. Signals were sent simultaneously to the two water heaters in the side-by-side PNNL Lab Homes under highly controlled, simulated occupancy conditions. It is expected that Hybrid DR performance, which would engage both the heat pump and electric elements, could be interpolated from these two experimental extremes.

关键词：节能；热泵；热水器；混合系统；响应；性能评估

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We developed a detailed steady-state system model, to simulate the performance of an integrated five-zone Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF)heat pump system. The system is multi-functional, capable of space cooling, space heating, combined space cooling and water heating, and dedicated water heating. Methods were developed to map the VRF performance in each mode, based on the data produced by the equipment system model. The performance maps were used in TRNSYS annual energy simulations. Using TRNSYS, we have successfully setup and run cases for a multiple-split, VRF heat pump and dehumidifier combination in 5-zone houses in 5 climates that control indoor dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity. We compared the calculated energy consumptions for the VRF heat pump against that of a baseline central air source heat pump, coupled with electric water heating and standalone dehumidifiers. In addition, we investigated multiple control scenarios for the VRF heat pump, i.e. on/off control, variable indoor air flow rate, and using different zone temperature setting schedules, etc. The energy savings for the multiple scenarios were assessed.

关键词：节能；制冷剂；空调；热泵；温度控制

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Transit administrators, engineers, and researchers often face problems for which information already exists, either in documented form or as undocumented experience and practice. This information may be fragmented, scattered, and unevaluated. As a consequence, full knowledge of what has been learned about a problem may not be brought to bear on its solution. Costly research findings may go unused, valuable experience may be overlooked, and due consideration may not be given to recommended practices for solving or alleviating the problem.This study describes how transit agencies are reducing energy use and is based on survey responses from 51 diverse agencies across the country, a literature review of a variety of academic and professional publications, and case examples of four agencies.

关键词：节能；交通部门；节能策略

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The purpose of this project was to retire key risks and overcome the technical barriers to implementing an ORC with Direct Evaporation. R&D was conducted through a partnership between the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) and General Electric (GE) Global Research Center (GRC). The project consisted of four research tasks: (1) Detailed Design & Modeling of the ORC Direct Evaporator, (2) Design and Construction of Partial Prototype Direct Evaporator Test Facility, (3) Working Fluid Decomposition Chemical Analyses, and (4) Prototype Evaluation. Issues pertinent to the selection of an ORC working fluid, along with thermodynamic and design considerations of the direct evaporator, were identified.

关键词：节能；蒸发器；排气系统；朗肯循环系统；余热利用

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The overall goal of the Ulaanbaatar School Buildings Thermo-technical Retrofitting Project was to demonstrate the heat energy savings that could be achieved through thermal insulation and heating system improvements at three school buildings. The selected buildings (School Nos. 79-1, 79-2, and 63) are located in ger districts of the Mongolian capital city Ulaanbaatar (UB), are not connected to the UB district heating system, and are heated with coal-fired heat only boilers. The buildings were determined to be structurally sound prior to the project, but they lacked adequate insulation and were in poor condition--there was frost on the insides of some classrooms during the winter months, roofs were leaking, floors lacked insulation, and there were significant cracks in exterior walls.

关键词：节能；校舍；燃煤锅炉；热绝缘

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Depending on the individual school districts, grades are divided into elementary schools (grades K through 5), middle schools (grades 6 through 8), and high schools (grades 9 through 12). Included in the AEDG-K12 are prescriptive recommendations by climate zone for the design of the building envelope, fenestration, lighting systems (including electric lights and daylighting); heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems; building automation and controls; outdoor air (OA) treatment; and service water heating (SWH). Additional savings recommendations are also included, but not necessary for the 50% savings goal. These recommendations are provided for additional HVAC strategies and renewable energy systems.

关键词：节能；学校建筑；教育设施；HVAC系统；照明系统

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In-Plant Training (INPLT) is a new model for developing energy efficiency expertise within the US manufacturing companies participating in the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Better Buildings, Better Plants Program. That program is a nationwide initiative to drive a 25% reduction in industrial energy intensity in 10 years. INPLTs are designed to fill a niche by providing hands on training in a real world manufacturing plant environment. Through INPLTs, participants from multiple manufacturing plants, supply chains, utilities, and other external stakeholders learn how to conduct energy assessments, use energy analysis tools to analyze energy saving opportunities, develop energy management systems, and implement energy savings projects. Typical INPLT events are led by DOE-certified Energy Experts and range from 2-4 days. Topics discussed include: identification of cross-cutting or system specific opportunities; introduction to ISO 50001 Energy Management Systems; energy project implementation and replication.

关键词：节能；工业厂房；制造厂；能源效率

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The ZEBRAlliance is an opportunity to accelerate progress toward DOE's goal of maximizing cost-effective energy efficiency by investing in a highly leveraged, focused effort to test new ultra-high-efficiency components emerging from ORNL's Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) partners and others. The Alliance integrated efficient components into the construction of four research houses that will be used as test markets to gauge the integral success of the components and houses. These four research houses are expected to be the first houses used to field-test several newly emerging products such as the ClimateMaster ground-source integrated heat pump, factory assembled ZEHcor walls, and one or more new appliances from Whirlpool Corporation.

关键词：节能；住房；湿润气候；成本系数

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Automatic Train Operation (ATO) is one of the most important functions for advanced control in railway systems. Thanks to these advantages, ATO equipments have been installed in the linear metro system. This new system do not only operate the train according to running plan, but it can also control the braking pattern to stop the train smoothly, accurately and energetically saving. This paper describes the fundamental study on energy saving for linear metro operation based on the support of ATO equipments. Optimal design of the speed profile with positive using of regenerative brake will also be introduced.

关键词：节能；ATO；线性地铁；电气铁路

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This is a meeting overview of 'The Best Approach to Combustion Safety in a Direct Vent World', held June 28, 2012, in San Antonio, Texas. The objective of this Expert Meeting was to identify gaps and barriers that need to be addressed by future research, and to develop data-driven technical recommendations for code updates so that a common approach for combustion safety can be adopted by all members of the building energy efficiency and code communities. The DOE BA program focuses on reducing energy consumption in the nation's housing stock through smart integration of energy efficient design and upgrades. The target is 30%-50% energy savings captured through the application of many measures, including reduction in air infiltration, equipment upgrades, smart controls, and thermal envelope improvements.

关键词：节能；建筑；空气渗透；能源消耗

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