No abstract available.

关键词：大气；空气过滤器；空气污染

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This report explores the characteristics, sources, and processes of submicrometer particles in northern California via integrated analyses of atmospheric observation data obtained during the Carbonaceous Aerosols and Radiative Effects Study (CARES) that took place in northern California in June 2010. We focus on reporting aerosol chemistry, physical properties, and diurnal and temporal variations at Cool (denoted as the T1 site of the project) at the foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, where intense biogenic emissions are periodically mixed with urban outflow transported by daytime southwesterly winds from the Sacramento metropolitan area. During CARES, the average mass loading of submicrometer particles (PM1) was 3.0 ig m- 3, dominated by organics (80%) and sulfate (9.9%). The organic aerosol (OA) had a nominal formula of C1H1.38N0.004O0.44, thus an average organic mass-to-carbon (OM/OC) ratio of 1.70. Three OA types were identified by PMF analysis of the high resolution mass spectra: two different OOA components (90% of total organics) and a HOA (10%). The more oxidized MOOOA (O/C = 0.54) was identified as biogenically influenced SOA, while the less oxidized LOOOA (O/C = 0.42) corresponded to anthropogenically influenced SOA (e.g., from the Sacramento area). The HOA factor corresponded mainly to primary emissions from local traffic. On average, SOA (= MO-OOA + LO-OOA) accounted for 91% of the total OA mass and 72% of the PM1 mass observed at Cool. Twenty three periods of urban plumes from T0 (Sacramento) to T1 (Cool) were identified using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem).

关键词：大气；环境保护；有机气溶胶

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Cardiovascular disease outcomes have been associated with exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) air pollution in many epidemiological studies. Experimental studies have revealed potential mechanisms behind the epidemiological results and many of these studies have revealed changes in the expression of important genes in key biological pathways with exposure to air pollution from fossil fuel combustion. Few epidemiological studies have examined this. We hypothesized that blood cell gene expression levels along biological pathways relevant to cardiovascular outcomes would be associated with traffic-related air pollutant exposures in elderly subjects with coronary artery disease. Available data were collected in a cohort panel study funded by the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Gene expression data were available for 43 subjects with up to 12 weekly repeated measures conducted in three of the four retirement communities in the Los Angeles Air basin where the exposure measurement work took place. Whole blood samples were collected weekly, RNA was isolated and then it was reversed transcribed into complementary DNA for subsequent gene expression analysis using the polymerase chain reaction method. Candidate genes (35) were selected a priori based on biological function and reported pollutant exposure effects. Exposure measurements were conducted in the indoor and outdoor environment of each community and included daily size-fractionated PM mass and PM organic chemical composition, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH).

关键词：大气；威力污染物；基因表达

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This report explores the volatility of primary organic aerosol (POA) emitted from light duty gasoline-powered vehicles at atmospherically relevant concentrations using state of the science instrumentation. Existing POA partitioning models were tested through analysis of emissions changes that result from perturbations to the dilution air used during vehicle sampling.

关键词：大气；有机气溶胶；sip分析

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It is well established that GHG emissions must be reduced by 50% to 80% by 2050 in order to limit global temperature increase to 2DGC. Achieving reductions of this magnitude in the transportation sector is a challenge and requires a multitude of policies and technology options. The research presented here analyzes three scenarios: changes in the perceived price of travel, land-use intensification, and increases in transit. Elasticity estimates are derived using an activity-based travel model for the state of California and broadly representative of the U.S. The VISION model is used to forecast changes in technology and fuel options that are currently forecast to occur in the U.S., providing a life cycle GHG forecast for the road transportation sector. Results suggest that aggressive policy action is needed, especially pricing policies, but also more on the technology side. Medium- and heavy-duty vehicles are in particular need of additional fuel or technology-based GHG reductions.

关键词：大气；环境保护；温室气体

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Between September 18th and October 13th, 2012, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) researchers and the Silica/Milling-Machines Partnership coordinated by the National Asphalt Pavement Association (NAPA) conducted field testing of a local exhaust ventilation system (LEV) on a Roadtec RX600e cold milling machine. The tests included ten days of air sampling across seven different highway construction sites in Indiana. At each site, full-shift personal breathing zone samples for respirable crystalline silica were collected from the operator and ground man during the course of normal employee work activities of asphalt pavement milling.

关键词：职业暴露；空气污染影响；二氧化硅

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This report summarizes key trends in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, fuel economy, and CO2- and fuel economy-related technology for gasoline- and diesel-fueled personal vehicles sold in the United States, from model years (MY) 1975 through 2012. Personal vehicles are those vehicles that EPA classifies as cars, light-duty trucks, or medium-duty passenger vehicles. The data in this report cover the MY 1975-2012 timeframe, supersede the data in previous reports in this series, and, for many important reasons, should not be compared with data from previous years editions of this report. Most CO2 emissions and fuel economy values in this report have been adjusted to reflect 'real world' consumer performance and therefore are not comparable to CO2 emissions and fuel economy standards.

关键词：汽车；轻型汽车技术；二氧化碳

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本监测内容采用国际上广义的环保产业定义，按照产品生命周期理论以及产品和服务的环境功能，范围覆盖自然资源开发与保护型、清洁生产型、污染源控制及污染治理型环保产业四类，并重点侧重监测环境污染治理（污水处理\固体废物处理）、环境监测仪器\技术\环保设备、生物环保、其它环保服务等内容。

关键词：环保；产业热点；产业研究；环保数据

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本监测内容采用国际上广义的环保产业定义，按照产品生命周期理论以及产品和服务的环境功能，范围覆盖自然资源开发与保护型、清洁生产型、污染源控制及污染治理型环保产业四类，并重点侧重监测环境污染治理（污水处理\固体废物处理）、环境监测仪器\技术\环保设备、生物环保、其它环保服务等内容。

关键词：环保；产业热点；产业研究；环保数据

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为积极应对全球气候变化和后国际金融危机的挑战，全球范围内低碳技术、绿色经济正在兴起。世界各主要经济体纷纷将发展绿色经济、推动清洁技术革命作为抢占新一轮发展先机的新战略和快速助推区域转型升级的新引擎。

关键词：节能；环保；发展趋势；节能产业

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