This project concerns the development of a plasma flow control system for wind turbines. This document describes the technical progress made towards this goal during the 12-month Phase I effort that began in February, 2012. The Phase I project had four distinct objectives: (1) preliminary design of a plasma flow control system with manual control for wind turbines, (2) design and construction of laboratory facilities to permit component test and evaluation, (3) development and validation of simulation tools, and (4) field demonstration of a prototype system. Significant progress was made towards each of these goals, culminating in the field demonstration of a manually-controlled plasma flow control system on a 20 kW test turbine.

关键词：演示；测试床；风能；发电机；主动流动控制

查看摘要 索取原文[120页]

The evolution and maturity of the wind industry have often been assessed by considering changes in key metrics including capital costs, capacity factor, turbine pricing, and in some cases electricity sales data. However, wind turbines and plants represent a complex system optimization problem and each of these metrics, in isolation, fails to tell the complete story of technological progress and industry advancement. By contrast, the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) provides a more comprehensive and nuanced perspective on industry trends. LCOE can be used to analyze the effect of individual changes (by holding other variables constant) or to understand the complex interactions that might occur for example between turbine costs and productivity. Moreover, LCOE offers a reflection of the total production costs and required revenue for wind plants. This presentation provides examples of how a narrow focus on individual industry metrics can provide inaccurate representations of industry trends while also demonstrating how LCOE captures the array of critical industry variables to provide a greater level of insight.

关键词：风力发电；成本；电力；优化；价格

查看摘要 索取原文[19页]

This test was conducted as part of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Independent Testing project. This project was established to help reduce the barriers of wind energy expansion by providing independent testing results for small turbines. Several turbines were selected for testing at the National Wind Technology Center (NWTC) as a part of the Small Wind Turbine Independent Testing project. Safety and function testing is one of up to five tests that may be performed on the turbines. Other tests include power performance, duration, acoustic noise, and power quality. The test equipment included a SWIFT wind turbine manufactured by Renewable Devices mounted on a 13.7-meter free-standing monopole tied to the grid through a Kaco Blueplanet 1502x inverter. The turbine was provided by Cascade Engineering of Grand Rapids, Michigan. Cascade Engineering is the North American distributor of the SWIFT turbine and a DOE grant recipient. The system was installed by the NWTC Site Operations group with guidance and assistance from Cascade Engineering.

关键词：风力涡轮机;功能试验;性能评价;测试;风电

查看摘要 索取原文[49页]

A primary objective of NASA's Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resource (POWER) project is to adapt and infuse NASA's solar and meteorological data into the energy, agricultural, and architectural industries. Improvements are continuously incorporated when higher resolution and longer-term data inputs become available. Climatological data previously provided via POWER web applications were three-hourly and 1x1 degree latitude/longitude. The NASA Modern Era Retrospective-analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) data set provides higher resolution data products (hourly and 1/2x1/2 degree) covering the entire globe. Currently POWER solar and meteorological data are available for more than 30 years on hourly (meteorological only), daily, monthly and annual time scales. These data may be useful to several renewable energy sectors: solar and wind power generation, agricultural crop modeling, and sustainable buildings. A recent focus has been working with ASHRAE to assess complementing weather station data with MERRA data. ASHRAE building design parameters being investigated include heating/cooling degree days and climate zones.

关键词：气象参数；可再生能源；时间序列分析；气象；气候

查看摘要 索取原文[7页]

Researchers and technicians from Sonoma Technology Inc. (STI), University of Colorado at Boulder (CU), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and Louisiana State University (LSU), with scientific input from the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) and a Scientific Review Board,1 developed an atmospheric boundary layer environmental observations program on an offshore platform in the Gulf of Mexico. Specifically, in October 2010, meteorological and oceanographic sensors were deployed for approximately 18 months on a Chevron service platform about 12.4 miles (20 km) south of Terrebonne Bay, Louisiana, to collect atmospheric boundary layer and sea surface data. The ocean depth at this location was 20.5 m. Observations from this project consist of surface meteorology; marine boundary layer winds; vertical profiles of atmospheric temperature, relative humidity, and liquid water; cloud base heights; atmospheric boundary layer height; ocean temperature; ocean surface temperature; ocean wave height and frequency; downwelling (shortwave) solar and infrared (longwave) radiation; and lower atmospheric boundary layer momentum and heat fluxes. The primary goals of this program were to collect and deliver data to support future work to (1) improve our understanding of boundary layer processes and air-sea interaction over the Gulf of Mexico; (2) improve small and regional-scale meteorological and air quality modeling; and (3) provide a framework for advanced offshore measurements to support future needs such as emergency response, exploration and lease decisions, wind energy research and development, and meteorological and air quality forecasting.

关键词：气象，空气质量模型;大气温度预测，海洋学数据

查看摘要 索取原文[102页]

Because of new producer-, storage- and demand-side management systems which are introduced for a Smart Grid, new data pools, interfaces and processes, arise. Existing legacy systems have to interact with new systems, therefore, the functional and process logic of the power system will be distributed in a more complex way. Information and communication technologies will be required to realize these complex interactions. Developing such a complex system architecture requires a structured approach, which considers the various stakeholders' concerns. Accordingly, a fundamental architecture management of the system landscape as well as a process overview needs to be established by energy suppliers. This chapter presents an introduction and basics on this topic.

关键词：电力系统；侧管理系统；智能电网；能源供应

查看摘要 索取原文[19页]

This project dealt with the development of a range of educational resources dealing with wind energy and wind energy integration in the electric grid. These resources were developed for a variety of audiences including; a) high school student, b) undergraduate electrical engineering students, c) graduate electrical engineering students, and d) practicing engineers in industry. All the developed material is available publicly and the courses developed are being taught at the two participating universities, Arizona State University and Iowa State University.

关键词：电力系统；发电机；风力发电；电气工程

查看摘要 索取原文[17页]

Within this chapter requirements engineering methods and models in context of Smart Grid development are outlined. First, the activities of requirements engineering and their integration into superordinate process models are introduced. Subsequently, the layered models of the GridWise Architectural Council and the Smart Grid Architectural Model (SGAM) are outlined. These cover viewpoints from business requirements to component specification and therefore may be used to structure Smart-Grid-specific requirements engineering activities. The application of the SGAM is illustrated by using the example of the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI). Since the development of Smart Grids represents a long-term engineering effort, this chapter also introduces the concept of technology roadmaps to manage strategic goals and requirements. The assessment of technological and organizational progress in Smart Grid development complements this approach and is subsequently covered by the discussion of the Smart Grid Maturity Model (SGMM). The chapter concludes with a brief summary and references for further reading regarding inputs to the SGAM Layers.

关键词：智能电网；需求工程；流程模型；成熟度模型

查看摘要 索取原文[23页]

This paper significantly advanced the hybrid measure correlate-predict (MCP) methodology, enabling it to account for the variations of both wind speed and direction. The advanced hybrid MCP method used the recorded data of multiple reference stations to estimate the long-term wind condition at the target wind plant site with greater accuracy than possible with data from a single reference station. The wind data was divided into different sectors according to the wind direction, and the MCP strategy was implemented for each wind sector separately. The applicability of the proposed hybrid strategy was investigated using four different MCP methods: (i) linear regression; (ii) variance ratio; (iii) artificial neural networks; and (iv) support vector regression. To implement the advanced hybrid MCP methodology, we used the hourly averaged wind data recorded at six stations in North Dakota between the years 2008 and 2010. The station Pillsbury was selected as the target plant site. The recorded data at the other five stations (Dazey, Galesbury, Hillsboro, Mayville, and Prosper) was used as reference station data. The best hybrid MCP strategy from different MCP algorithms and reference stations was investigated and selected from the 1,024 combinations. The accuracy of the hybrid MCP method was found to be highly sensitive to the combination of individual MCP algorithms and reference stations used. It was also observed that the best combination of MCP algorithms was strongly influenced by the length of the correlation period.

关键词：风能；混合动力系统；风力发电站；量度-关联预测（MCP）

查看摘要 索取原文[13页]

The growing requirements of steel products qualities bring even tricky restrictions to the rolling process.With the fast response,reliable control and low maintenance requirements,the hydraulic automatic gauge control system has been widely applied to screw down the roller to maintain the precise rolling spaces for product quality control.Regarding to non-stopped heavy duties charged to the system,unavoidable faults and disfunctioas not only influence the product quality,but also bring underlying safety issues.The hydraulic cylinder is the executing component of the roller screw down and it has the dominant percentage of hydraulic components' faults.Working with unexpect loading is one of major impact factor that causes several chain-effects happened to the cylinder,as the classical diagnostic process is lack of cross-validating and time-consuming,the paper proposes the potentials of using acoustic emission to fill the dilemmas.The works include the data acquisition process to record the ultrasound acoustic signals from the hydraulic cylinder during it was loaded with 6 types of conditions,a modified image based acoustic emission approach constructed by using 8 significant waveform features was applied to generate visual effects and transform the cylinder acoustic emission signals under various loadings to a uniform format,the subtle differences among various Ioadings can be observed based on the pixel and intensity changes of the images.By applying the principal component analysis to project the acoustic emission image profiles onto the 3D plane,a clear trajectory can be observed with normal and overload conditions allocated upon the positive and negative sides of the axis.The result provided not only the potential of using acoustic emission for dynamic state identification of the subtle changes,but also opens up the possibility of preventive measures to the cylinder at risks in the future.

关键词：电子科学技术；声发射；液压缸；状态识别

查看摘要 索取原文[7页]