A primary objective of NASA's Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resource (POWER) project is to adapt and infuse NASA's solar and meteorological data into the energy, agricultural, and architectural industries. Improvements are continuously incorporated when higher resolution and longer-term data inputs become available. Climatological data previously provided via POWER web applications were three-hourly and 1x1 degree latitude/longitude. The NASA Modern Era Retrospective-analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) data set provides higher resolution data products (hourly and 1/2x1/2 degree) covering the entire globe. Currently POWER solar and meteorological data are available for more than 30 years on hourly (meteorological only), daily, monthly and annual time scales. These data may be useful to several renewable energy sectors: solar and wind power generation, agricultural crop modeling, and sustainable buildings. A recent focus has been working with ASHRAE to assess complementing weather station data with MERRA data. ASHRAE building design parameters being investigated include heating/cooling degree days and climate zones.

关键词：气象参数；可再生能源；时间序列分析；气象；气候

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Researchers and technicians from Sonoma Technology Inc. (STI), University of Colorado at Boulder (CU), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and Louisiana State University (LSU), with scientific input from the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) and a Scientific Review Board,1 developed an atmospheric boundary layer environmental observations program on an offshore platform in the Gulf of Mexico. Specifically, in October 2010, meteorological and oceanographic sensors were deployed for approximately 18 months on a Chevron service platform about 12.4 miles (20 km) south of Terrebonne Bay, Louisiana, to collect atmospheric boundary layer and sea surface data. The ocean depth at this location was 20.5 m. Observations from this project consist of surface meteorology; marine boundary layer winds; vertical profiles of atmospheric temperature, relative humidity, and liquid water; cloud base heights; atmospheric boundary layer height; ocean temperature; ocean surface temperature; ocean wave height and frequency; downwelling (shortwave) solar and infrared (longwave) radiation; and lower atmospheric boundary layer momentum and heat fluxes. The primary goals of this program were to collect and deliver data to support future work to (1) improve our understanding of boundary layer processes and air-sea interaction over the Gulf of Mexico; (2) improve small and regional-scale meteorological and air quality modeling; and (3) provide a framework for advanced offshore measurements to support future needs such as emergency response, exploration and lease decisions, wind energy research and development, and meteorological and air quality forecasting.

关键词：气象，空气质量模型;大气温度预测，海洋学数据

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Because of new producer-, storage- and demand-side management systems which are introduced for a Smart Grid, new data pools, interfaces and processes, arise. Existing legacy systems have to interact with new systems, therefore, the functional and process logic of the power system will be distributed in a more complex way. Information and communication technologies will be required to realize these complex interactions. Developing such a complex system architecture requires a structured approach, which considers the various stakeholders' concerns. Accordingly, a fundamental architecture management of the system landscape as well as a process overview needs to be established by energy suppliers. This chapter presents an introduction and basics on this topic.

关键词：电力系统；侧管理系统；智能电网；能源供应

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This project dealt with the development of a range of educational resources dealing with wind energy and wind energy integration in the electric grid. These resources were developed for a variety of audiences including; a) high school student, b) undergraduate electrical engineering students, c) graduate electrical engineering students, and d) practicing engineers in industry. All the developed material is available publicly and the courses developed are being taught at the two participating universities, Arizona State University and Iowa State University.

关键词：电力系统；发电机；风力发电；电气工程

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Within this chapter requirements engineering methods and models in context of Smart Grid development are outlined. First, the activities of requirements engineering and their integration into superordinate process models are introduced. Subsequently, the layered models of the GridWise Architectural Council and the Smart Grid Architectural Model (SGAM) are outlined. These cover viewpoints from business requirements to component specification and therefore may be used to structure Smart-Grid-specific requirements engineering activities. The application of the SGAM is illustrated by using the example of the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI). Since the development of Smart Grids represents a long-term engineering effort, this chapter also introduces the concept of technology roadmaps to manage strategic goals and requirements. The assessment of technological and organizational progress in Smart Grid development complements this approach and is subsequently covered by the discussion of the Smart Grid Maturity Model (SGMM). The chapter concludes with a brief summary and references for further reading regarding inputs to the SGAM Layers.

关键词：智能电网；需求工程；流程模型；成熟度模型

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This paper significantly advanced the hybrid measure correlate-predict (MCP) methodology, enabling it to account for the variations of both wind speed and direction. The advanced hybrid MCP method used the recorded data of multiple reference stations to estimate the long-term wind condition at the target wind plant site with greater accuracy than possible with data from a single reference station. The wind data was divided into different sectors according to the wind direction, and the MCP strategy was implemented for each wind sector separately. The applicability of the proposed hybrid strategy was investigated using four different MCP methods: (i) linear regression; (ii) variance ratio; (iii) artificial neural networks; and (iv) support vector regression. To implement the advanced hybrid MCP methodology, we used the hourly averaged wind data recorded at six stations in North Dakota between the years 2008 and 2010. The station Pillsbury was selected as the target plant site. The recorded data at the other five stations (Dazey, Galesbury, Hillsboro, Mayville, and Prosper) was used as reference station data. The best hybrid MCP strategy from different MCP algorithms and reference stations was investigated and selected from the 1,024 combinations. The accuracy of the hybrid MCP method was found to be highly sensitive to the combination of individual MCP algorithms and reference stations used. It was also observed that the best combination of MCP algorithms was strongly influenced by the length of the correlation period.

关键词：风能；混合动力系统；风力发电站；量度-关联预测（MCP）

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The growing requirements of steel products qualities bring even tricky restrictions to the rolling process.With the fast response,reliable control and low maintenance requirements,the hydraulic automatic gauge control system has been widely applied to screw down the roller to maintain the precise rolling spaces for product quality control.Regarding to non-stopped heavy duties charged to the system,unavoidable faults and disfunctioas not only influence the product quality,but also bring underlying safety issues.The hydraulic cylinder is the executing component of the roller screw down and it has the dominant percentage of hydraulic components' faults.Working with unexpect loading is one of major impact factor that causes several chain-effects happened to the cylinder,as the classical diagnostic process is lack of cross-validating and time-consuming,the paper proposes the potentials of using acoustic emission to fill the dilemmas.The works include the data acquisition process to record the ultrasound acoustic signals from the hydraulic cylinder during it was loaded with 6 types of conditions,a modified image based acoustic emission approach constructed by using 8 significant waveform features was applied to generate visual effects and transform the cylinder acoustic emission signals under various loadings to a uniform format,the subtle differences among various Ioadings can be observed based on the pixel and intensity changes of the images.By applying the principal component analysis to project the acoustic emission image profiles onto the 3D plane,a clear trajectory can be observed with normal and overload conditions allocated upon the positive and negative sides of the axis.The result provided not only the potential of using acoustic emission for dynamic state identification of the subtle changes,but also opens up the possibility of preventive measures to the cylinder at risks in the future.

关键词：电子科学技术；声发射；液压缸；状态识别

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his U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Concentrating Solar Power Program Review Meeting booklet will be provided to attendees at the Concentrating Solar Power Review Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona on April 23-25, 2013. The Program Review features presentations by DOE awardees working at the forefront of research, development, and demonstration towards reducing costs and increasing performance of CSP technologies. The Review also brings together a broad base of external stakeholders to engage in and contribute to the deployment of the CSP technologies being developed under the SunShot Initiative.

关键词：太阳能；聚光集热器；技术评估；绩效评价

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As a particular user of the power system,electric railway has the characteristics of non-linear,asymmetric and volatility.The power quality indicators of electrified railway were analyzed and summarized in this paper.The harmonic content rate reference value of various types of locomotives was given as well as the calculate method using in the power quality assessment,which are suitable for engineering applications.At last,this paper gives several effective measures on improving the power quality.

关键词：电气化铁路；电力系统；电能质量；评估

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This study provides a framework to explore the potential use and incremental value of small- to large-scale penetration of solar and wind technologies as a physical hedge against the risk and uncertainty of electricity cost. The idea that adding renewable energy (RE) to a conventional fossil portfolio generates diversity-related benefits is not new and has been discussed by many others (e.g., Bolinger et al. 2002; Awerbuch and Berger 2003; Bazilian and Roques 2008; Roques et al. 2010). Similarly, there may be related benefits from combining RE and natural gas generation (Lee et al. 2012; Weiss et al. 2013) as well as from combining wind and solar within the RE component of the larger portfolio. The core idea behind the value of diversification, of not putting all the eggs into one basket--or in this case electric generation technologies--has widespread acceptance. In finance applications the value of diversification forms the foundation behind the application of mean-variance portfolio (MVP) theory to choose efficient portfolios of stocks and bonds (Markowitz 1952). The related concept of quantifying the value of diversity in the electric sector that may result from reducing the risk and uncertainty of the overall system costs over multi-year to multi-decade time horizons is less well understood or accepted (Stirling 1994; Awerbuch and Berger 2003). Adding RE can be expected to reduce the variability of the overall electric system costs over a variety of timescales as natural gas-fired generation is displaced. However, the direct application of MVP theory to optimize the mix of generation assets within a generation portfolio is problematic for a number of reasons, including the fact that the operational characteristics of some types of generation assets are dissimilar.

关键词：电力系统；太阳能；风电；能源消耗；发电

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