The development of a room temperature (<50 C) fuel cell that would use a generally available fuel such as JP8 would be most valuable. However there are no known catalysts that can selectively activate the CC bonds of such fuels at such temperature. The goal of this project was to investigate whether it is plausible to develop such catalysts. To do this we used validated first-principles (quantum mechanics) based simulations to investigate the barriers for alkyl carbon-carbon cleavage for two prototypical systems: A metal alloy catalyst and an organometallic cluster catalyst. That might serve as an anode for electrochemical power generation. For the metal alloy catalyst we used a top-down approach where we determined the bond energies to the alloy catalyst to various fuel fragments necessary to achieve room temperature decomposition of butane and oxidation to CO2. For organometallic cluster catalyst we used a bottom-up strategy, determining specific metals, ligand compositions, solvents and operating conditions to evaluate which conditions could lead to reasonable rates at room temperature.

关键词：燃料电池；低温催化；便携式电源；C-C键

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This research project sought to develop a prototype hydrogen-based fuel cell system for ITS devices. The project investigated hydrogen storage capacities of the various candidate chemical hydride analogs; selected the most efficient of the candidates for energy storage based on volume, mass, and cost; developed a prototype system; and estimated the capital and operating cost for such a system. A hydrogen fuel cell combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity, providing a clean, high-efficiency energy source that circumvents the problems associated with conventional batteries. A major drawback that limits its utility, however, is the use of heavy and bulky compressed metal cylinders as the source of hydrogen. The chemical-based hydrogen generation used in this project can provide a compact, atmospheric-pressure storage option for the controlled release of hydrogen. Many ITS-based applications can be envisaged with hydrogen-based fuel cells, such as alternating-traffic signs, directional signals, speed-limit signs, blinkers in series, warning blinkers, and backup power sources at traffic signals during power outages. This system is particularly attractive because many remote traffic signals on northern Minnesota roads lack access to a power grid, requiring the use of batteries that must be changed often, thus incurring maintenance costs.

关键词：燃料电池；氢的生成与存储；原型系统

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As a first step towards a microscopic understanding of single-Pt atom-dispersed catalysts on non-conventional TiN supports, we present density- functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate the adsorption properties of Pt atoms on the pristine TiN(100) surface, as well as the dominant influence of surface defects on the thermodynamic stability of platinized TiN. Optimized atomic geometries, energetics, and analysis of the electronic structure of the Pt/TiN system are reported for various surface coverages of Pt. We find that atomic Pt does not bind preferably to the clean TiN surface, but under typical PEM fuel cell operating conditions, i.e. strongly oxidizing conditions, TiN surface vacancies play a crucial role in anchoring the Pt atom for its catalytic function. Whilst considering the energetic stability of the Pt/TiN structures under varying N conditions, embedding Pt at the surface N-vacancy site is found to be the most favorable under N-lean conditions. Thus, the system of embedding Pt at the surface N-vacancy site on TiN(100) surface could be a promising catalyst for PEM fuel cells.

关键词：燃料电池；非常规；铂催化剂

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Through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (the Recovery Act or ARRA), the United States Department of Energy (DOE) funded several projects to deploy polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells in forklift and backup power applications. DOE invested $9.7 million to deploy fuel cells in forklifts and an additional $11.8 million was contributed through industry cost shares, for a total investment of $21.5 million in forklift projects. DOE invested $18.5 million to deploy fuel cells in backup power projects and an additional $30.8 million was contributed through industry cost shares, for a total investment of $49.3 million in backup power projects.

关键词：燃料电池；叉车；备用电源；美国复苏；再投资；燃料电池配置；经济影响

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Currently, carbon is the preferred support material for platinum catalyst particles used in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). Carbon possesses qualities needed for a fuel cell catalyst: high surface area and conductivity, but is unacceptable as it is prone to oxidization by carbon dioxide in the fuel cell environment. Molybdenum Carbides is known to have the required conductivity.

关键词：燃料电池；等离子体；碳化钼

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A mathematical model of a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) is shown.The model is used to simulate an experimental lab-stand single fuel cell unit measuring 55 cm2.The comparison of simulated data against the experimental results is shown and commented on.

关键词：燃料电池；碳酸盐；优化工作条件；数学模型

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The presentation, 'NREL Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technologies Program Overview,' was presented at the Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Energy Expo and Policy Forum, April 24, 2013, Washington, D.C.

关键词：燃料电池；氢技术；NREL

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The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), in association with the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), held a Biogas and Fuel Cells Workshop on June 11-13, 2012, in Golden, Colorado, to discuss biogas and waste-to-energy technologies for fuel cell applications. The meeting was spearheaded by the Fuel Cell Technologies Program in coordination with the Biomass Program. The overall objective was to identify opportunities for coupling renewable biomethane with highly efficient fuel cells to produce electricity; heat; combined heat and power (CHP); or combined heat, hydrogen and power (referred to as CHHP or trigeneration) for stationary or motive applications. The workshop focused on biogas sourced from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), landfills, and industrial facilities that generate or process large amounts of organic waste, including large biofuel production facilities (biorefineries).

关键词：燃料电池；直接能量转换；废水处理；沼气的过程

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Polymer-Electrolyte-Fuel-Cells (PEFCs) are promising candidates for powering vehicles and portable devices using renewable-energy sources. The core of a PEFC is the solid electrolyte membrane that conducts protons from anode to cathode, where water is generated. The conductivity of the membrane, however, depends on the water content of the membrane, which is strongly related to the cell operating conditions. The membrane and other cell components are typically compressed to minimize various contact resistances. Moreover, the swelling of a somewhat constrained membrane in the cell due to the humidity changes generates additional compressive stresses in the membrane. These external stresses are balanced by the internal swelling pressure of the membrane and change the swelling equilibrium. It was shown using a fuel-cell setup that compression could reduce the water content of the membrane or alter the cell resistance.

关键词：燃料电池；固体电解质；压缩效应；导电体

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The electrodes in Unitized Reversible Fuel Cell system with supported platinum carbon black are reported.However, the electrodes in the system is consist two internal modes; it is electrolyzer and fuel cell mode.A Unitized Reversible Fuel Cell has dual function electrodes are joined in the same cell to reduce the volume and improvement efficiency performance.The electrodes of Unitized Reversible Fuel Cells operating on hydrogen and oxygen which have as high as efficiency at most the applications.Therefore, This article is concentrated on the preparation of bifunctional electrodes as design and material with low platinum loading and supported by platinum carbon black and characterization by using scanning electron microscopy.As well as, survey the latest literature on bifunctional electrodes and electrocatalysts to identify the major problems occur in design of the URFC electrodes.

关键词：燃料电池；支持组合；可逆；催化剂层

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