Development and application of SmartGrids or Intelligrids, including roll-out of smart meters and electrical vehicles, is of a great importance if the UK and other countries are to achieve significant carbon emission reductions and realize sustainable energy systems. These new grids will offer the opportunity to increase the level of renewable energy integrated into the system. They will also allow customers, including small households, to actively participate and adjust their demand depending on energy availability and price. This will further lead towards improved energy efficiency, as well as offer possibilities to reduce overall consumption and reduce or postpone investments into new large generation and infrastructure facilities. To achieve these goals, a number of technical, economical and policy issues need to be addressed and resolved. The development of new generations of extremely fast software tools that can solve power system problems with large number of nodes will also be important to help resolve these issues. For example, distribution system and network operators, as well as trading entities such as aggregators, will get a better coordination of system operation though the possibility to engage with even smaller generators, and especially smaller customers. This control at lower voltage levels will allow for the aggregation of responses which will then propagate to higher voltage levels. Currently, the discussion regarding the operation of future power systems is looking into two different options. One is to develop methodologies that will allow decentralization of network operation with the reduced level of coordination at the high level of system operation. However, the new software developed to exploit the benefits of the HPC architecture may open a possibility for businesses and policy makers to investigate and compare operation of centralized vs. decentralized operation over areas with large number of participants.. These new HPC power system analysis tools will enable more frequent price signal calculations and bring the possibility to define policies which will ensure engagement with customers to reduce their energy consumption or shift it towards off-peak periods, as well as allow for the coordination of charging of electric vehicles and their use as storage devices. Such tools will be useful for both decentralized and centralized operation, however they will be crucial for the latter.

关键词：电力系统；智能电网；高性能计算系统；HPC架构

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Wind turbine generators (WTGs) consist of many different components to convert kinetic energy of the wind into electrical energy for end users. Wind energy is accessed to provide mechanical torque for driving the shaft of the electrical generator. The conversion from wind power to mechanical power is governed by the aerodynamic conversion. The aerodynamicelectrical- conversion efficiency of a WTG is influenced by the efficiency of the blades, the gearbox, the generator, and the power converter

关键词：风能；风力涡轮机；电动发电机；空气动力学

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NREL and Solar Power Industries will cooperate to evaluate technology for producing solar grade silicon from industrial waste of the phosphorus industry, as developed by the Institute of Physics and Technology (IPT), Kazakhstan. Evaluation will have a technical component to assess the material quality and a business component to assess the economics of the IPT process. The total amount of silicon produced by IPT is expected to be quite limited (50 kg), so evaluations will need to be done on relatively small quantities (5 kg/sample). Department of Energy (DOE) laboratories, including NREL, have been placing subcontracts for research and development services with scientific institutes in the Newly Independent States (NIS) under various DOE programs for many years.

关键词：硅太阳能电池；研究及开发；太阳能；技术评估

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The information technology (IT) world has changed fundamentally and drastically from running software applications on a single computer with a single CPU to now running software as services in distributed and parallel computing environment. Power system operation has been also shifted from being solely based on off-line planning study to more and more real-time market-driven. Facing these challenges, we will discuss in this chapter how to design power system analysis and simulation software to take advantage of the new IT technologies and to meet the real-time application requirements, using the InterPSS project as a concrete example.

关键词：电力系统；信息技术；电源系统；并行

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Over the past three decades the Town of Hull, MA has solidified its place in U.S. wind energy history through its leadership in community-based generation. This is illustrated by its commissioning of the first commercial-scale wind turbine on the Atlantic coastline, the first suburban-sited turbine in the continental United States, pursuit of community-based offshore wind, and its push toward creating an energy independent community.

关键词：风能；风电；风力涡轮机

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The uncertainty and variability associated with photovoltaic (PV) generation make it very challenging to balance power system generation and load, especially for high penetration cases. Higher reserve requirements and more cycling of conventional generators are generally anticipated for large-scale PV integration. However, whether the existing generation fleet is flexible enough to handle the variations and how well the system can maintain its control performance are difficult to predict. The goal of this project is to develop a software program that can perform intra-hour dispatch and automatic generation control (AGC) simulation, by which the balancing operations of a system can be simulated to answer the questions posed above. The simulator, named Electric System Intra-Hour Operation Simulator (ESIOS), uses the NV Energy southern system as a study case, and models the systems generator configurations, AGC functions, and operator actions used to balance system generation and load. Actual dispatch of AGC generators and control performance under various PV penetration levels were assessed by running ESIOS. The results could provide system operators with more insights on what to expect with different amount of PV generation in the system. This report describes the design of the simulator and presents the study results.

关键词：电力系统；光伏电源；配置；可再生能源

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This report analyzes the potential economic impacts in Colorado and Wyoming of a 225 MW natural gas fired electricity generation facility and a 900 MW wind farm constructed in Wyoming as well as a 180 mile, 345 kV transmission line that runs from Wyoming to Colorado. This report and analysis is not a forecast, but rather an estimate of economic activity associated with a hypothetical scenario.

关键词：风能；风力发电厂；输电线路；联合循环发电厂

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With the constant expansion of the power system and the popularity of WAMS system,to analyze the stability of power system based on WAMS data has become a hotspot studied at present.This paper researches the methods to rapidly extract the critical electrical characters of the power system in fault condition.Principal component analysis is used to extract transient characters of power system,and the results are used in the transient stabilityassessment,proving the effectiveness of this method.

关键词：电力系统；主成分分析；暂态稳定评估

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This chapter has presented the background to power system dynamics, as appropriate for use in a modelling study of a power system. The complexities of the models depend on the type of transient and the system being investigated. Since we are mostly concerned about the frequency control of the power system, more effort has been placed on the active power flow in the system. Generally, the components of the power system that influence the electrical torque include the network state before and after the transient, the loads and their characteristics, the synchronous generator, the speed governor and other supplementary controls such as tie-line power flows.

关键词：电力系统；智能电网；负载；发电机

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报告从行业环境、太阳能、风能、生物质能、新能源汽车等几个方面进行了分析及评论。

关键词：行业环境；太阳能；风能；生物质能；新能源汽车

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