The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in accordance with the RE-Powering America's Land initiative, selected the Chino Mine site in Silver City, New Mexico, for a feasibility study of renewable energy production. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) provided technical assistance for this project. The purpose of this report is to assess the site for a possible photovoltaic (PV) system installation and estimate the cost, performance, and site impacts of different PV options. In addition, the report recommends financing options that could assist in the implementation of a PV system at the site. This study did not assess environmental conditions at the site. The Chino Mine is located near the town of Hurley in Grant County, New Mexico, about 12 miles east of Silver City. Chino Mine, which is owned by Freeport-McMoRan Incorporated (FMI), is one of the largest open-pit copper mines in the world, covering over 9,000 acres. There are three sites for this study. Site 1 is a smelter facility that has 23 acres, and site reclamation is complete. Site 2 has 277 acres, and site reclamation has begun and is scheduled to be complete by the end of 2014. Site 3 is the largest site with 1,700 acres, and reclamation was complete at the end of 2012.

关键词：太阳能；太阳能光伏性能；经济学

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国家能源局6月17日消息，为贯彻落实《电力安全事故应急处置和调查处理条例》，适应新形势下电力安全事件监督管理工作要求，近日，国家能源局对原国家电监会发布的《电力安全事件监督管理暂行规定》进行了修订，形成了《电力安全事件监督管理规定》（简称《规定》），并正式印发。此次修订工作基于原规定执行两年以来的实践经验，结合各相关单位反馈意见，重点针对十项电力安全事件做了更为清晰、合理的界定，使之更加符合电力行业安全生产监管实际。《规定》还对电力安全事件的报告程序做了简化，对报送时限做了进一步的细化。

关键词：电力；行业要闻

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A comparison of satellite-derived solar resource with nine high-quality, ground-based solar radiation measurements from NOAA's Surface Radiation (SURFRAD) Network, the Integrated Surface Insolation Study (ISIS) Network, the Solar Radiation Research Laboratory (SRRL) at NREL, and DOE's Solar Resource and Meteorological Assessment Project (SOLRMAP) program was conducted. The comparison was made using data from 2009 for various locations. Our results showed that the satellite-based method underpredicted both global horizontal irradiance (GHI) and direct normal irradiance (DNI). GHI values were underestimated by about 13to 22for the stations located in a desert environment, such as Desert Rock, Nevada, and SOLRMAP stations located around southwest Nevada and Arizona. We found that the Satellite Algorithm for Shortwave Radiation Budget (SASRAB) radiative transfer model caused the underprediction of GHI and DNI, especially in clear-sky situations and low zenith angles (around solar noon). Using other radiative transfer algorithms reduced the bias from SASRAB, and it is expected that the accuracy of the satellite-based product will significantly improve with the introduction of a high-quality, radiative transfer model. Future work will aim to reduce the biases by using better input parameters and applying these parameters to a better, simple, clear-sky radiative transfer model that properly accounts for the parameters.

关键词：太阳能；NOAA；物理反演方法；验证；表面辐射

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Cofiring of biomass and coal at electrical generation facilities is gaining in importance as a means of reducing fossil fuel consumption, and more than 40 facilities in the United States have conducted test burns. Given the large size of many coal plants, cofiring at even low rates has the potential to utilize relatively large volumes of biomass. This could have important forest management implications if harvest residues or salvage timber are supplied to coal plants. Other feedstocks suitable for cofiring include wood products manufacturing residues, woody municipal wastes, agricultural residues, short-rotation intensive culture forests, or hazard fuel removals. Cofiring at low rates can often be done with minimal changes to plant handling and processing equipment, requiring little capital investment. Cofiring at higher rates can involve repowering entire burners to burn biomass in place of coal, or in some cases, repowering entire powerplants. Our research evaluates the current status of biomass cofiring in North America, identifying current trends and success stories, types of biomass used, coal plant sizes, and primary cofiring regions. We also identify potential barriers to cofiring. Results are presented for more than a dozen plants that are currently cofiring or have recently announced plans to cofire.

关键词：生物质能；煤炭；化石燃料；森林；燃油消耗

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Technical concerns with integrating higher penetrations of photovoltaic (PV) systems include grid stability, voltage regulation, power quality (voltage rise, sags, flicker, and frequency fluctuations), and protection and coordination. The current utility grid was designed to accommodate power flows from the central generation source to the transmission system and eventually to the distribution feeders. At the distribution level, the system was designed to carry power from the substation toward the load. Renewable distributed generation, particularly solar PV, provides power at the distribution level challenging this classical paradigm. As these resources become more commonplace the nature of the distribution network and its operation is changing to handle power flow in both directions. A large portion of distribution system components, including voltage regulators and protection systems, were not designed to coordinate with bidirectional power flow and bidirectional fault currents from distributed generation and PV systems in particular. Coordinating these devices in the presence of high penetration PV areas introduces additional challenges to feasibility and system impact studies. Some cases require modification of existing protection schemes, additional distribution equipment, or reactive power requirements on the PV inverters. This report is focused on large PV installations in which penetration is significantly greater than 15of maximum daytime feeder load. To date the impact on the electric utility and its customers has not been problematic in any of these cases. The PV system installations described in this report exceeds what most experts consider high penetration scenarios. The voltage, power quality, and other operating parameters have been maintained within the required ranges with minimal negative impact on distribution operations and utility customers. These case studies are intended to demonstrate success stories with integration of large PV plants at the distribution level as well as some of the solutions used by the utility to ensure safe, reliable operation of both the PV system and the distribution network.

关键词：太阳能；高渗透光伏；研究报告

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Norway, the largest holder of natural gas and oil reserves in Europe, provides much of the oil and gas consumed on the continent. In fact, Norway was the second largest exporter of natural gas in the world after Russia, and the seventh largest exporter of oil. In 2010, crude oil, natural gas, and pipeline transport services accounted for almost 50 percent of Norway's exports revenues, 21 percent of GDP, and 26 percent of government revenues according to the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate (NPD). Although Norway's oil production peaked in 2001 at 3.4 million barrels per day (bbl/d) and declined to 2.0 million bbl/d in 2011, natural gas production has been steadily increasing since 1993, reaching 3.6 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) in 2011. Hydropower is the principal source of Norway's electricity supply at 95 percent, while only 4 percent comes from conventional thermal sources, followed by 1 percent from other renewables, namely biomass and waste and wind. In June 2012, government officials from Norway, Germany, and the United Kingdom (UK) confirmed their plans for subsea electric power interconnects between their countries. The Norway-UK cable connection is slated for completion in 2020 while the Norway-Germany cable is to be completed in 2018; their purpose is to strengthen the northern European electricity grid and increase supply security.

关键词：石油生产;石油消费量;二氧化碳排放量;生物质能

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本报告从能源行业事件分析；竞争环境、竞争对手、行业数据等几个方面进行了分析评论。

关键词：行业事件分析；竞争环境；竞争对手；行业数据

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2014年1-6月份，国民经济运行缓中趋稳，电力行业整体运行平稳，全国电力供需平衡。具体来看，电力、热力生产和供应业固定资产投资增速明显提升，电网投资占比仍处于较高水平，电源投资同比增速则持续为负。全社会发电量保持平稳增长，清洁能源发电量占比继续提升，火电发电量占比则继续下降。全社会用电量平稳增长，且2季度以来，单月用电量增速逐月回升；电力消费结构继续优化，第三产业、城乡居民生活用电量占全社会用电量比重继续提高。此外，电力行业经营状况继续向好，主营业务收入稳定增长，利润总额较快增长。

关键词：电力行业；运行分析

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Synthetic and biomass fueling are now considered to be near-term aviation alternate fueling. The major impediment is a secure sustainable supply of these fuels at reasonable cost. However, biomass fueling raises major concerns related to uses of common food crops and grasses (some also called weeds) for processing into aviation fuels. These issues are addressed, and then halophytes and algae are shown to be better suited as sources of aerospace fuels and transportation fueling in general. Some of the history related to alternate fuels use is provided as a guideline for current and planned alternate fuels testing (ground and flight) with emphasis on biofuel blends. It is also noted that lessons learned from terrestrial fueling are applicable to space missions. These materials represent an update (to 2009) and additions to the Workshop on Alternate Fueling Sustainable Supply and Halophyte Summit at Twinsburg, Ohio, October 17 to 18, 2007.

关键词：飞机燃料；合成燃料；生物量；农作物；生物质能

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In support of the Bioenergy Technologies Office, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) are undertaking studies of biomass conversion technologies to identify barriers and target research toward reducing conversion costs. Process designs and preliminary economic estimates for each of these pathway cases were developed using rigorous modeling tools (Aspen Plus and Chemcad). These analyses incorporated the best information available at the time of development, including data from recent pilot- and bench-scale demonstrations, collaborative industrial and academic partners, and published literature and patents. The economic results of these analyses are in the process of further refinement and will be published in FY13 and FY14 design reports. This report summarizes the preliminary technical data used for the models and identified data gaps. This technology pathway case investigates the cultivation of algal biomass followed by further lipid extraction and upgrading to hydrocarbon biofuels. Technical barriers and key research needs have been assessed in order for the algal lipid extraction and upgrading pathway to be competitive with petroleum-derived gasoline-, diesel-, and jet-range hydrocarbon blendstocks.

关键词：藻类;血脂;提取;烃;生物质种植;生物质能

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