Through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (the Recovery Act or ARRA), the United States Department of Energy (DOE) funded several projects to deploy polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells in forklift and backup power applications. DOE invested $9.7 million to deploy fuel cells in forklifts and an additional $11.8 million was contributed through industry cost shares, for a total investment of $21.5 million in forklift projects. DOE invested $18.5 million to deploy fuel cells in backup power projects and an additional $30.8 million was contributed through industry cost shares, for a total investment of $49.3 million in backup power projects.

关键词：燃料电池；叉车；备用电源；美国复苏；再投资；燃料电池配置；经济影响

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Currently, carbon is the preferred support material for platinum catalyst particles used in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). Carbon possesses qualities needed for a fuel cell catalyst: high surface area and conductivity, but is unacceptable as it is prone to oxidization by carbon dioxide in the fuel cell environment. Molybdenum Carbides is known to have the required conductivity.

关键词：燃料电池；等离子体；碳化钼

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A mathematical model of a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) is shown.The model is used to simulate an experimental lab-stand single fuel cell unit measuring 55 cm2.The comparison of simulated data against the experimental results is shown and commented on.

关键词：燃料电池；碳酸盐；优化工作条件；数学模型

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The presentation, 'NREL Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technologies Program Overview,' was presented at the Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Energy Expo and Policy Forum, April 24, 2013, Washington, D.C.

关键词：燃料电池；氢技术；NREL

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The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), in association with the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), held a Biogas and Fuel Cells Workshop on June 11-13, 2012, in Golden, Colorado, to discuss biogas and waste-to-energy technologies for fuel cell applications. The meeting was spearheaded by the Fuel Cell Technologies Program in coordination with the Biomass Program. The overall objective was to identify opportunities for coupling renewable biomethane with highly efficient fuel cells to produce electricity; heat; combined heat and power (CHP); or combined heat, hydrogen and power (referred to as CHHP or trigeneration) for stationary or motive applications. The workshop focused on biogas sourced from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), landfills, and industrial facilities that generate or process large amounts of organic waste, including large biofuel production facilities (biorefineries).

关键词：燃料电池；直接能量转换；废水处理；沼气的过程

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Polymer-Electrolyte-Fuel-Cells (PEFCs) are promising candidates for powering vehicles and portable devices using renewable-energy sources. The core of a PEFC is the solid electrolyte membrane that conducts protons from anode to cathode, where water is generated. The conductivity of the membrane, however, depends on the water content of the membrane, which is strongly related to the cell operating conditions. The membrane and other cell components are typically compressed to minimize various contact resistances. Moreover, the swelling of a somewhat constrained membrane in the cell due to the humidity changes generates additional compressive stresses in the membrane. These external stresses are balanced by the internal swelling pressure of the membrane and change the swelling equilibrium. It was shown using a fuel-cell setup that compression could reduce the water content of the membrane or alter the cell resistance.

关键词：燃料电池；固体电解质；压缩效应；导电体

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The electrodes in Unitized Reversible Fuel Cell system with supported platinum carbon black are reported.However, the electrodes in the system is consist two internal modes; it is electrolyzer and fuel cell mode.A Unitized Reversible Fuel Cell has dual function electrodes are joined in the same cell to reduce the volume and improvement efficiency performance.The electrodes of Unitized Reversible Fuel Cells operating on hydrogen and oxygen which have as high as efficiency at most the applications.Therefore, This article is concentrated on the preparation of bifunctional electrodes as design and material with low platinum loading and supported by platinum carbon black and characterization by using scanning electron microscopy.As well as, survey the latest literature on bifunctional electrodes and electrocatalysts to identify the major problems occur in design of the URFC electrodes.

关键词：燃料电池；支持组合；可逆；催化剂层

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Although fuel cell electric vehicles are still are in a pre-commercialization phase, hydrogen fuel cells currently are being used commercially in early market applications such as material handling and backup power. These early commercialization fuel cell deployments are helping improve hydrogen and fuel cell technologies and expanding their market potential. Fuel cell systems look particularly promising as replacements for batteries in material handling equipment (MHE, or more typically forklifts) in warehouse applications where operations extend for two or three shifts each day. In such applications, batteries generally need to be charged and replaced one or more times each day, which complicates logistics and increases overall labor costs. Fuel cell MHE have zero emissions, can operate for more than 12 hours without performance degradation, and can be fueled in minutes, making fuel cells an attractive alternative to conventional battery systems.

关键词：燃料电池；物料搬运设备；成本；评估；氢能

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Numerical simulation capabilities to perform flowfield analysis and sensitivity analysis of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have been developed. A three-dimensional, implicit, multi-species fuel cell solver is modified to analyze cell geometries supplied by NexTech Materials (NexTech). Four different NexTech cell configurations of varying complexities have been analyzed in this study. A capability to perform thermo-mechanical analysis of NexTech cells is developed by coupling the fuel cell code with the structures code. The capability was initially developed for a simplified cell that also included sensitivity analysis of thermo-mechanical variables. Sensitivity derivatives are computed using the direct differentiation method in the fuel cell and structures codes.

关键词：燃料电池；平面结构；固体氧化物燃料电池

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Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV) have gone through a rapid development in recent years with progress on each of the steps from research to deployment to validation. Many believe they will be an integral element to reducing pollution and green house gasses and achieving better energy security as there is global pressure to reduce fossil fuel consumption. Production and delivery of hydrogen is vital to commercialization of FCEVs. Currently about 95of the hydrogen produced in the U.S. is made by steam methane reforming of natural gas. However, renewable production of hydrogen using electricity from wind, solar, or other renewable sources could be an important fuel pathway for control of regional air pollution and national greenhouse gas emissions. As a case study we have chosen the Los Angeles (LA) area because of the California history of regulations and initiatives that target air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions and specifically seek to promote hydrogen as a transportation fuel. California regions (LA, San Francisco/Sacramento) lead the U.S. in the 2015 planned commercial deployment of FCEVs by a number of major manufacturers. In 2006, the California Senate passed Bill 1505 (SB 1505) which mandates the California Air Resource Board (CARB) to set environmental standards for hydrogen production. A specific criterion of SB 1505 alongside reducing fuel carbon intensity and certain particulates is that a third of hydrogen must be produced by eligible renewable energy sources. It is estimated that the zero emission vehicle (ZEV) mandate will require 50 100 hydrogen refueling stations by 2017 to accommodate FCEV and hydrogen bus deployments.

关键词：风能；直接能量转换；电动汽车；燃料电池

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