Ionizing radiation induces DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), which is a particularly serious form of DNA damage and has especially deleterious effects in cells. Ion beams have high linear energy transfer (LET, keV/μm) and give DNA damage containing DSBs locally (clustered damage) than gamma rays do. Deinococcus radiodurans exhibits extraordinary resistance to the lethal effects of ionizing radiations. This resistance has been attributed to its highly proficient DNA repair capacity. Previously, it had been reported that the DNA repair mechanism of D. radiodurans is not necessarily "error-free" since there were an increase in rifampicin-resistant mutant frequency depending on radiation doses of ion beams and gamma rays. In this study, we investigated mutant frequencies of two different antibiotic-resistant mutants for carbon ion beams in D. radiodurans and identified the mutation sites in the antibiotic-resistant mutants.

关键词：电池寿命；碳离子光束；电池性能

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Effects of thermal discharge from a coastal power plant on phytoplankton community were determined in subtropical Zhanjiang Bay.Two sampling transects were chosen up and down the Zhanjiang Plant in the Zhanjiang Bay, Nine stations were located along the two transects, which were divided into four zones.Monthly boat cruises were undertaken in the bay at spring up here, tide ebb slack, neap rise open and neap tide ebb slack respectively, during the period April-October 2012.Species diversity (H') showed a distinct increasing gradient from the most thermally polluted zone to the healthy zone.The more distinct gradient occurred at spring tide.Species diversity fluctuated during April-October 2011 and four sampling tide times with no visible patterns.Evenness showed indistinct gradient from the heated water source to the control zone, and fluctuated during April-October 2011 and four sampling tide times with no visible patterns.Species richness, cell count and Chl a concentration at mixed and healthy zones were significantly higher than that at heated zones, with the maximum value recorded at mixed zone, and showed seasonal and tidal changes with no obvious pattern.

关键词：温排水；滨海电厂；浮游植物群落；潮时代

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The functional equivalence of the unstructured grid code FUN3D to the the structured grid code LAURA (Langley Aerothermodynamic Upwind Relaxation Algorithm) is documented for applications of interest to the Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) community. Examples from an existing suite of regression tests are used to demonstrate the functional equivalence, encompassing various thermochemical models and vehicle configurations. Algorithm modifications required for the node-based unstructured grid code (FUN3D) to reproduce functionality of the cell-centered structured code (LAURA) are also documented. Challenges associated with computation on tetrahedral grids versus computation on structured-grid derived hexahedral systems are discussed.

关键词：气动热力学；算法；计算；计算流体动力学

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Ultravioletvisible spectroscopy (UVVisible) and time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) optical techniques can permit on-line analysis of actinide elements in a solvent extraction process in real time. These techniques have been used for measuring actinide speciation and concentration under laboratory conditions and are easily adaptable to multiple sampling geometries, such as dip probes, fiber-optic sample cells, and flow-through cell geometries. To fully exploit these techniques, researchers must determine the fundamental speciation of target actinides and the resulting influence on spectroscopic properties. Detection limits, process conditions, and speciation of key actinide components can be established and utilized in a range of areas, particularly those related to materials accountability and process control. Through this project, researchers will develop tools and spectroscopic techniques to evaluate solution extraction conditions and concentrations of U, Pu, and Cm in extraction processes, addressing areas of process control and materials accountability. The team will evaluate UV Visible and TRLFS for use in solvent extraction-based separations. Ongoing research is examining efficacy of UV-Visible spectroscopy to evaluate uranium and plutonium speciation under conditions found in the UREX process and using TRLFS to evaluate Cm speciation and concentration in the TALSPEAK process. A uranyl and plutonium nitrate UVVisible spectroscopy study met with success, which supports the utility and continued exploration of spectroscopic methods for evaluation of actinide concentrations and solution conditions for other aspects of the UREX+ solvent extraction scheme.

关键词：材料问责制；过程控制；锕系元素；激光光谱学

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The challenging problem of ultra-high-energy-density, high- efficiency, and small-scale portable power generation is addressed here using a distinctive thermophotovoltaic energy conversion mechanism and chip-based system design, which we name the microthermophotovoltaic (TPV) generator. The approach is predicted to be capable of up to 32% efficient heat-to-electricity conversion within a millimeter-scale form factor. Although considerable technological barriers need to be overcome to reach full performance, we have performed a robust experimental demonstration that validates the theoretical framework and the key system components. Even with a much-simplified TPV system design with theoretical efficiency prediction of 2.7%, we experimentally demonstrate 2.5% efficiency. The TPV experimental system that was built and tested comprises a silicon propane microcombustor, an integrated high- temperature photonic crystal selective thermal emitter, four 0.55-eV GaInAsSb thermophotovoltaic diodes, and an ultrahigh- efficiency maximum power-point tracking power electronics converter. The system was demonstrated to operate up to 800 C (silicon microcombustor temperature)with an input thermal power of 13.7W, generating 344 mW of electric power over a 1-cm(expn 2) area.

关键词：燃烧；效率；能量密度；发电机；高效率

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For those PV technologies that rely upon Te, In, and Ga, first-order observations and calculations hint that there may be resource constraints that could inhibit their successful deployment at a SunShot level. These are only first-order approximations, however, and the possibility for an expansion in global Te, In, and Ga supplies needs to be considered in the event that there are upward revisions in their demand and prices.In this study, we examine the current, mid-term, and long-term prospects of Tellurium (Te) for use in PV. We find that the current global supply base of Te would support <10 GW of annual traditional CdTe PV manufacturing production. But as for the possibility that the supply base for Te might be expanded, after compiling several preliminary cumulative availability curves we find that there may be significant upside potential in the supply base for this element - principally vis a vis increasing demand and higher prices. Primarily by reducing the Tellurium intensity in manufacturing and by increasing the recovery efficiency of Te in Cu refining processes, we calculate that it may prove affordable to PV manufacturers to expand the supply base for Te such that 100 GW, or greater, of annual CdTe PV production is possible in the 2030 - 2050 timeframe.

关键词：Cadimum碲化物；制造业；光伏电池

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The catenating property of carbon makes it unique to forming various architectures (e.g. diamond, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene, etc.) at nanolevel. Graphene, a 2D material, has received increasing attention since the first historical isolation of single-layer graphene from the crystalline graphite in 2004 owing to its unique physicochemical properties and ease of functionalization. Suitable methods have been discovered to synthesize graphene and its composites with metal/oxide nanoparticles for use in electrochemical devices to improve their efficiencies. This chapter with a brief description of methods of synthesis of graphene and its structural characterization presents a detailed review of the work carried out on application of graphene to improve the performance of electrochemical devices, namely fuel cells, supercapacitors and batteries.

关键词：电池；电化学设备；石墨烯；超级电容器

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This thesis forms part of a larger study that aims to develop a renewable energy demonstration plant at the Naval Postgraduate School Turbopropulsion Laboratory. The architecture and design approach of the demonstration plant is outlined in this thesis. While all the components of the system are commercially available, the integration of the components is challenging. The results of the design approach presented the optimal way of integrating wind turbines, an electrical system, chiller units, and thermal storage tanks. Modular ice thermal tanks with polypropylene tubing were chosen for storage. The ice thermal storage units were selected over battery storage as they are more cost effective and potentially safer. A statistical analysis was performed using wind data from Monterey Airport, which was beneficial for choosing which wind turbines to implement in the system. The analysis determined that total energy captured by two, 4-kW vertical axis wind turbines was 2,554.8 kW-hours annually. Additionally, ANSYS Fluent was used to analyze the ice growth around the tubing at various ice and tube thicknesses. The ANSYS Fluent analysis showed that ice thickness affects the ice volume growth and change in enthalpy change more than wall thickness affects these conditions.

关键词：能源存储；热性能；冷却；电气设备

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Electronic transformer Manager nature is a will simulation volume transformation for digital volume of device, they will simulation of current and the voltage signal in as possible near signal source of local used most has price of reliable way will its transformation for digital volume,electronic type transformer Manager and merged unit as digital substation of component, and traditional transformer Manager compared to has insulated simple, and dynamic range wide, and anti-saturated performance strong, and Advantages of data output.combined digital substation with IEC61850 in the text, examined issues such as data synchronization of electronic instrument transformers, made recommendations on engineering practice.

关键词：电子变压器；数字化变电站；数据同步；合并单元格

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Free-standing carbon nanotube (CNT) electrodes were developed as suitable light-weight current collectors to effectively incorporate novel cathode nanoparticles towards high energy lithium ion batteries. The use of CNT additives with commercial high capacity lithium rich cathodes was shown to increase areal loadings and specific capacity compared to using carbon black additives. Synthesis of alternative lithium rich cathode active materials exhibited room temperature capacity of 170 mAh/g, and a high temperature capacity of 240 mAh/g. Modeling results indicate that the use of these particles coated onto CNT current collectors can result in battery energy density increases up to 15% (vs. mesocarbon microbead (MCMB)).

关键词：能量密度；轻量级；锂电池

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