This paper presents background, experimental design, and preliminary experimental results for the liquid hydrogen bubble point tests conducted at the Cryogenic Components Cell 7 facility at the NASA Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio. The purpose of the test series was to investigate the parameters that affect liquid acquisition device (LAD) performance in a liquid hydrogen (LH2) propellant tank, to mitigate risk in the final design of the LAD for the Cryogenic Propellant Storage and Transfer Technology Demonstration Mission, and to provide insight into optimal LAD operation for future LH2 depots. Preliminary test results show an increase in performance and screen retention over the low reference LH2 bubble point value for a 325 2300 screen in three separate ways, thus improving fundamental LH2 LAD performance. By using a finer mesh screen, operating at a colder liquid temperature, and pressurizing with a noncondensible pressurant gas, a significant increase in margin is achieved in bubble point pressure for LH2 screen channel LADs.

关键词：液态氢；推进剂储存；推进剂箱

查看摘要 索取原文[24页]

This paper introduces an algorithm called 3-stage current source sorting (3S-CS) in half-unary weighted current cells to improve the linearity of a current-steering digital-to-analog converter (DAC). We show that based on our statistical analysis and simulation results, the proposed algorithm improves the DAC static linearity as well as its dynamic performance.

关键词：电池改进；线性电流源；电能储存

查看摘要 索取原文[9页]

The Department of Energy Office of Electricity (DOE/OE), Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) and the Base Camp Integration Lab (BCIL) partnered together to incorporate an energy storage system into a microgrid configured Forward Operating Base to reduce the fossil fuel consumption and to ultimately save lives. Energy storage vendors will be sending their systems to SNL Energy Storage Test Pad (ESTP) for functional testing and then to the BCIL for performance evaluation. The technologies that will be tested are electro-chemical energy storage systems comprising of lead acid, lithium-ion or zinc-bromide. Raytheon/KTech has developed an energy storage system that utilizes zinc-bromide flow batteries to save fuel on a military microgrid. This report contains the testing results and some limited analysis of performance of the Raytheon/KTech Zinc-Bromide Energy Storage System. The Raytheon/KTech RK30 Energy Storage System uses twelve RedFlow Zinc-Bromide Battery Modules (ZBMs) and six single phase inverters to sink, store, and supply electrical energy. Each ZBM is rated to hold up to 10kWh and each inverter is rated at 5kW making the system rated at 30kW and 120kWh. The inverters are 208VAC phase to phase inverters and are connected to a delta to wye isolation transformer to allow an electrical wye system interface.

关键词：电池；能源存储系统；电气设备

查看摘要 索取原文[30页]

The sintered body of tubular cathode for Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell(DEFC) is prepared by the gelcasting process using a certain proportion of graphite powder and mesocarbon microbead(MCMB).The electrical performance under different air flow rates,operating temperature,porosity of cathode diffusion layer,inlet pressure and different thickness of catalyst layer are analyzed by the combination of experimental and numerical simulation method.The results show that the increase of diffusion layer porosity,inlet pressure,thickness of catalyst layer and operating temperature are benefit for the improvement of the cell performance.Moreover,the electrical performance is improved when the air flow rate is 1 O0 mL/min.

关键词：直接乙醇燃料电池；管状阴极；电气性能

查看摘要 索取原文[4页]

The objective of the study was to assess the impact of a Saflex S Series solar control PVB (polyvinyl butyral) windshield on conventional vehicle fuel economy and electric vehicle (EV) range.

关键词：太阳能电池；乙烯聚合物；玻璃；电动汽车

查看摘要 索取原文[11页]

This paper presents results of a comparative study of a micro-combined heat and power (CHP) unit with solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) fed by two different fuels.For current analysis biogas and dimethyl ether (DME) were selected.Detailed model of the micro-CHP system with net power output of 3 kWel was created,based on an advanced model of the SOFC.In both power units,steam reforming was employed in order to generate hydrogen-rich gas.Reforming temperatures of 900℃ and 350℃ were selected for biogas and DME,respectively.Both systems were based on the same reference solid oxide fuel cells.Similar plant outlines was employed,with small changes to accommodate different reformer operating temperatures.

关键词：固体氧化物燃料电池；微型热电联产；造型

查看摘要 索取原文[4页]

Safe transport and long term storage of used nuclear fuel requires that the fuel clad material remains structurally sound. Understanding the impact of irradiation on new and high burn-up fuel cladding materials is critical to make this assessment. There is, therefore, a need to establish the relationship between the behavior and performance of unirradiated cladding and actual irradiated cladding. ORNL is addressing this linkage with an experiment designed to simulate high-burnup used fuel cladding by irradiating cladding material in the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR). Fast neutron irradiation of pre-hydrided zirconium-alloy cladding in the HFIR at elevated temperatures is being carried out to simulate the effects of high burnup on used fuel cladding. Test results from irradiated, prehydrided metallic materials will be used to benchmark test results of high-burnup used fuel cladding. Additionally, samples free of alpha contamination can be provided to researchers/students in universities without hot cell facilities to support the Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy Used Fuel Disposition Campaign (UFDC). This approach is designed to provide well-controlled neutron irradiation of pre-hydrided materials in the desired temperature range (200-350 degrees C) similar to the service temperatures of boiling water reactors (BWRs) and pressurized water reactors (PWRs). The clad hydrogen content is in the range of 400-800 weight parts per million (wppm), which is similar to what has been observed for high-burnup used fuel cladding in PWRs.

关键词：燃耗；覆层；污染；快中子；HFIR反应器

查看摘要 索取原文[5页]

Widespread commercialization of fuel cells has been hindered by economic problems associated with the extensive use of platinum. In order to overcome such difficulties, researchers have so far developed anion-exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs), which do not need expensive platinum catalysts in the electrodes. Our recent focus has been the preparation of new hydroxide (OH)-conducting membranes for applications to "hydrazine-fueled" AEMFCs by the γ-ray pre-irradiation grafting method. Generally, carbon dioxide (CO_2) is dissolved in the AEM, thereby resulting in the transformation from the OH to bicarbonate (HCO_3) ions. We investigated here the effect of CO_2 in the air on the exchange between OH and HCO_3 ions in the AEM.

关键词：燃料电池；电解质材料；化学反应

查看摘要 索取原文[1页]

The use of solar energy for mobile field operations, high altitude long endurance airships, light airship vehicles and its deployment on large scales all require its storage. Most current methods of solar storage are characterized by low energy densities; these methods therefore present formidable challenges for the implementation of solar energy in the field, on airship vehicles and on the large scale since significant weight accompanies energy storage. Conversely, fuels have energy densities that are 100 to 1000 greater than most conventional storage media, including batteries. Accordingly, fuels provide an attractive option for lightweight, mobile and large scale energy storage. An especially enticing fuel forming reaction is water splitting since hydrogen is the highest energy density chemical fuel. The use of solar light to split water to produce hydrogen and oxygen is the focus of this proposal. This AFOSR program has sought to discover new water-splitting catalysts that are inexpensive, efficient, highly manufacturable and operate under benign conditions so that discovery from this program may be implemented with simple engineering.

关键词：燃料电池；能量密度；能量存储

查看摘要 索取原文[33页]

The aim of the project has been the analysis and development of a spinodal decomposition technology to enhance the heat transfer efficiency in microdevices. Poesio et al. (2007) had shown that the cooling (down to a given temperature) of a closed cell filled with a liquid-liquid mixture undergoing spinodal decomposition can be achieved ten-times faster compared to the case of a cell filled with a single-phase fluid. This effect can be explained as the result of (spinodal-decomposition induced) convective motion: the free energy released during spinodal decomposition acts as a driving force for the phase separation, leading to the spontaneous formation of single-phase domains which then proceed to grow and coalesce; this convective motion enhances the transport of internal energy and results in an appreciable heat transfer enhancement. Based on the proof-of-concept fundamental experiments in Poesio et al. (2006), Poesio et al. (2007), Poesio et al. (2009), and Farise et al. (2012), this technology was awaiting use in a configuration more relevant from the applications point of view, such as in a flowing system. The ultimate goal has been the design of a proof-of-concept micro/mini heat exchanger based on liquid-liquid spinodal decomposition. The project lasted for three years with the first year sponsored by the Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development, AOARD (Grant FA2386-10-1-4146). Continued with the European office, EOARD (Grant FA8655-11-1-3068), and completed in 2013. The work has accomplished two main objectives: (1) demonstrated and analyzed heat transfer in small-scale heat exchangers; and (2) conducted numerical modeling as a precursor to a design tool. Since the currently available modeling tools require years of computational time to complete the simulation of a practical- sized device, this effort only started developing a novel theoretical modeling approach that eventually will lead to the design of efficient heat exchangers.

关键词：调幅分解；国外；换热器；传热

查看摘要 索取原文[58页]