Advances in the understanding of multiphase flow characteristics under variable gravity conditions will ultimately lead to improved and as of yet unknown process designs for advanced space missions. Such novel processes will be of paramount importance to the success of future manned space exploration as we venture into our solar system and beyond. In addition, because of the ubiquitous nature and vital importance of biological and environmental processes involving airwater mixtures, knowledge gained about fundamental interactions and the governing properties of these mixtures will clearly benefit the quality of life here on our home planet. The techniques addressed in the current research involving multiphase transport in porous media and gas-liquid phase separation using capillary pressure gradients are also a logical candidate for a future International Space Station (ISS) flight experiment. Importantly, the novel and potentially very accurate Lattice-Boltzmann (LB) modeling of multiphase transport in porous media developed in this work offers significantly improved predictions of real world fluid physics phenomena, thereby promoting advanced process designs for both space and terrestrial applications.This 3-year research effort has culminated in the design and testing of a zero-g demonstration prototype. Both the hydrophilic (glass) and hydrophobic (Teflon) media Capillary Pressure Gradient (CPG) cartridges prepared during the second years work were evaluated. Results obtained from ground testing at 1-g were compared to those obtained at reduced gravities spanning Martian (13-g), Lunar (16-g) and zero-g. These comparisons clearly demonstrate the relative strength of the CPG phenomena and the efficacy of its application to meet NASAs unique gas-liquid separation (GLS) requirements in non-terrestrial environments.LB modeling software, developed concurrently with the zero-g test effort, was shown to accurately reproduce observed CPG driven gas-liquid separation phenomena. The design and fabrication of a micropost plate-lamina Hele-Shaw (HS) cell was performed which served as a computationally attainable geometric structure facilitating direct comparison between physical phenomena observed in our laboratory and the LB software predictions.

关键词：计算流体力学；流量特性；地面试验

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An isolated power system consisting of battery energy storage system and fuel cell is able to maintain stable operation with constraints. One is the battery energy storage system must keep a state of charge within a certain range, and the other is the fuel cell must keep a limited rate for power change. We propose a coordinated operation method for the isolated power system taking into account both constraints.

关键词：燃料电池；电池储能系统；电力系统

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Syntheses of platinum (Pt) nanoparticles have been intensively studied for their application to polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs), in which a sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on a cathode is one of the biggest issues. In this research, Pt nanoparticles were prepared by ion implantation in glassy carbon (GC) substrates for the first time. We expect that ion implantation and the subsequent thermal treatment can achieve efficient growth of the particles leading to high-performance catalysts with less amount of expensive noble metal. This report describes our preparation procedure and morphological properties of the formed Pt particles.

关键词：燃料电池；催化剂；阴极反应

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THOR is a radiation transport code that solves the steady-state, multigroup, discrete ordinates approximation of the linear Boltzmann equation in three-dimensional geometry on unstructured tetrahedral cells. The spatial approximation implemented in THOR is the Arbitrarily High Order Transport method of the Characteristic type, AHOTC, extended to Unstructured Grids, AHOTC-UG. The tasks of this project were designed to raise the production level of THOR by supplementing its capabilities then conducting a comprehensive Verification and Validation (V&V) exercise based on Idaho National Laboratory's (INL) Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) configuration and measured data. The primary development work on the code commenced with a study of numerical stability of the underlying equations in the optically-thin cell limit that revealed the cause for the structural instability observed in earlier results. Basically the recursive algorithm used in evaluating the flux spatial moments in terms of lower-order moments accumulated the error to unacceptable magnitude for higher orders. This deficiency was addressed by reformulating the equations and subsequent solution algorithm into a non-recursive form that was found to be numerically stable with increasing spatial expansion order. Additionally we examined the numerical stability of the spatial weights associated with AHOTC-UG and constructed asymptotic expansions that are resilient in the optically thin and thick cell regimes. Many improvements intended to enhance THORs robustness and computational efficiency were implemented, including a cycle-breaking algorithm that may be necessary in some complex automatically-generated unstructured grids.

关键词：四面体；辐射传输；算法；ATR反应器；玻耳兹曼方程

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This report describes the redesign and demonstration of an experiment, developed by the Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center (NSRDEC), to measure the response of energy absorbing materials behind a buffer material, loaded with the shockwave and dynamic pressure pulse in a shock tube. This test has application in the development of body armor for blast attenuation and impact attenuation. Foam materials are rapidly compressed between the striker (buffer) and fixed test plate at dynamic strain rates reaching peak levels between 500-1000/s. Foam stress is calculated by measuring the reaction force of the material with a dynamic load cell. Foam compression is measured through high speed video image analysis. With the current experimental set-up, the material test results are very similar to those obtained with a drop weight impact test.

关键词：激波管；减震器（材料）；吸收；衰减；爆炸

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This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) demonstrates the flood modeling capabilities of the AutoRoute model. The AutoRoute model has been developed to support the Military Hydrology Program at the Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory (CHL) as part of their mission to determine route vulnerability caused by flooding over large land areas. Through several tests the AutoRoute model showed that it quickly and effectively simulates the flood extent of high flow volumes where adequate Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data is available. The Military Hydrology Program at CHL fields numerous requests for information (RFI) from the military regarding route vulnerability caused by hydrologic factors, such as flooding. Currently, completing these route vulnerability studies includes the use of the AutoRoute model developed by CHL personnel in 2011. The model is computationally efficient and versatile, allowing for large sections of routes to be analyzed in a timely fashion. The model results can also link to existing mobility models to determine the risk that flooding has on the mobility of vehicles. The AutoRoute model is a one-dimensional, raster-based program developed to determine flood extent and stream cross sections efficiently over large areas. The model uses a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and a computed stream mask to determine the location and cross section of each stream cell within the domain. As in most modeling cases, the finer the resolution of the DEM data, the more accurate and defined the results will be. The goal of AutoRoute is to compute the inundated area and spatially explicit depth of inundation for a given flow value. For a given flow Q we wish to derive the flood depth h, flood extent, cross-section profile, cross-section area A, and average flow velocity (V = Q/A). Unlike typical flood models, the AutoRoute model neglects the flow in highly detailed channels.

关键词：计算机程序；洪水；横截面；液压系统

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This report describes research on noncognitive measures for screening Army recruiters with potential application to other Noncommissioned Officer (NCO) assignments. One limitation has been that previously validated instruments for this purpose required proctored testing. To make it easier for Soldiers to be tested, reduce costs, and build upon previous work, ARI was requested to assist with the following: (1) developing a computerized, noncognitive measure suitable for unproctored administration; and (2) validating this instrument against measures of recruiter performance. This new instrument is called the Noncommissioned Officer Special Assignment Battery (NSAB). The NSAB is a computer-adaptive, forced-choice assessment that incorporates recent advances in noncognitive measurement that have been shown to be highly faking resistant and suitable for high-stakes testing environments. The NSAB has 18 scales. Results from a sample of 1,032 experienced Army recruiters indicated that Soldiers with high NSAB composite scores reported the following: (1) lower job stress, and (2) higher satisfaction with recruiting duty. These high-scoring recruiters also were rated by their peers and supervisors as performing better than recruiters with lower NSAB composite scores. These findings indicate that the NSAB can help to identify Soldiers with high potential for recruiting duty success, and it also has the potential for screening in other NCO assignments.

关键词：电池；特殊电池；电池性能

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This webinar presentation to the UK Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Association summarizes how the U.S. Department of Energy is enabling early fuel cell markets; describes objectives of the National Fuel Cell Technology Evaluation Center; and presents performance status of fuel cell material handling equipment.

关键词：燃料电池；市场；原料处理；绩效评估

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This project was designed to address the Solar Energy Technology Program objective, to develop new methods to integrate photovoltaic (PV) cells or modules within a building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) application that will result in lower installed cost as well as higher efficiencies of the encapsulated/embedded PV module. The technology assessment and development focused on the evaluation and identification of manufacturing technologies and equipment capable of producing such low-cost, high-efficiency, flexible BIPV solar cells on single-ply roofing membranes.

关键词：太阳能电池；膜；建筑；建材

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Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are being developed and sold commercially for multiple near term markets. Ballard Power Systems is focused on the near term markets of backup power, distributed generation, materials handling, and buses. Significant advances have been made in cost and durability of fuel cell products. Improved tolerance to a wide range of system operation and environmental noises will enable increased viability across a broad range of applications. In order to apply the most effective membrane electrode assembly (MEA) design for each market, the system requirements and associated MEA failures must be well understood. The failure modes associated with the electrodes and membrane degradation are discussed with respect to associated system operation and mitigating approaches. A few key system considerations that influence MEA design include expected fuel quality, balance-of-plant materials, time under idle or open circuit operation, and start-up and shut-down conditions.

关键词：燃料电池；膜；电极；耐用性

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