Single-ion hit for studies of microscopic irradiation experiment is utilized with spatial accuracy of a few micrometers by means of heavy ion microbeam of several hundred MeV at the TIARA cyclotron. High spatial accuracy for the real-time position detection of single-ion hit is essential in irradiation experiments of biological cells. A CR-39 plastic track detector is generally used as a position detector of single-ion hit. The tracks formed on it after chemical etching are observed by microscope. This procedure takes more than an hour and limits efficiency of therefore strongly required, and various scintillators are examined so far. It is taken notice of photostimulated luminescence (PSL) of Al_2O_3:C in this study, which has accurate dose sensitivity ranging from 0.1 μGy to 10 Gy. Photostimulable sample are possible to be prepared by adjusting parameters such as the amount of implantation density of activators by means of the TIARA ion implanter and annealing condition.

关键词：电池；化学反应；单离子反应

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State-of-the-art solar arrays for spacecraft provide on the order of 20 kW of electrical power, and they usually consist of 3J solar cells bonded to hinged rigid panels about 1 inch in thickness. This structural construction allows specific mass and packaging volumes of up to approximately 70 W/kg and 15 kW/m3 to be achieved. Significant advances in solar array structures are required for future very-high-power spacecraft (300+ kW), such as those proposed for pre-positioning heavy cargo on or near the Moon, Mars, or asteroids using solar electric propulsion. These applications will require considerable increases in both W/kg and kW/m3, and will undoubtedly require the use of flexible-substrate designs. This presentation summarizes work sponsored by NASA's Game Changing Development Program since Oct. 2011 to address the challenge of developing 300+ kW solar arrays. The work is primarily being done at NASA Langley, NASA Glenn, and two contractor teams (ATK and DSS), with technical collaboration from AFRL/Kirtland. The near-tem objective of the project is design, analysis, and testing of 30-50 kW solar array designs that are extensible to the far-term objective of 300+ kW. The work is currently focused on three designs: the MegaFlex concept by ATK, the Mega-ROSA concept by DSS, and an in-house 300-kW Government Reference Array concept. Each of these designs will be described in the presentation. Results obtained to date by the team, as well as future work plans, for the design, analysis, and testing of these large solar array structures will be summarized.

关键词：施工；设计分析；评估；包装；面板；太阳能电池板

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LithChem Energy (LCE) successfully designed and built a partially automated lithium-ion bi-cell production machine to produce lower cost prismatic lithium-ion batteries for the DOD. This machine was completed and started up to produce a short run of lithium-ion bi-cells with lithium cobaltate as the cathode material. This system included the design and successful fabrication of two dip coaters, a brush tabber for the coated electrodes to form the weldable electrodes, and a coater for priming the electrode metal grids prior to dip coating. Work stations were constructed for quantitative cell filling, resistance welding of the cell pack electrodes, and for cell pack formation. The prismatic cell packs were designed to be 6 Ah with eight of these to fit into the space of a BB2590 to achieve 12 V and 24 V circuits. In a parallel effort, a new high energy capacity cathode material was optimized based on a lithium nickel cobaltate which achieved an energy density of 230 mAh/g in the voltage range of 2.6 V to 3.9 V at C/10. This cathode material also exhibited high power density up to 40 C discharge rates. This advanced manufacturing System and new cathode material have been designed to lower the cost of All-American made rechargeable lithium-ion cells and batteries for the DOD.

关键词：电池构造；充电电池；锂电池

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Indium-tin-oxide (ITO) is widely used as transparent electrode in solar cells and displays. Recent work showed that ITO and other transparent conducting oxides can work as novel metamterials supporting highly confined surface plasmons. In this project, based on ITO we demonstrated a novel optical material with refractive index significantly smaller than unit, namely epsilon- near-zero (ENZ), which may find numerous applications. We also investigated the applications of ITO for electro-optic modulation. When applying gate voltage through electrolyte gel on an ITO-based structure, electric double layers are formed at the interfaces of ITO and electrolyte gel, which can significantly alter the optical properties of ITO. Two different structures are investigated, and modulation depth up to 38.8% has been achieved in the attenuated total reflection configuration. Preliminary result is presented for the real time response of an ITO/electrolyte gel/doped Si modulator.

关键词：电极；电光学；铟；氧化物；太阳能电池

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Future 4G cellular systems will address the need for capacity increase for the support of diverse services. It is therefore of fundamental importance to design innovative 4G cellular systems able to support the increase in the traffic demand. This Chapter deals with LTE systems and the design of a new reuse scheme, called Soft Frequency Reuse (SFR), that is able to increase the cell capacity that is studied, considering the impact of different scheduling schemes and of different user mobility patterns. A consistent SFR scenario has been implemented in both Ns-3 and OMNeT++ environments. An analytical approach is proposed to evaluate the cell capacity with SFR that has been validated by means of Ns-3 simulations. Finally, OMNeT++ simulations have permitted to highlight the significant impact of the scheduling scheme and user mobility on cell capacity; different mobility patterns have been taken into account.

关键词：电池能力；电源规划；手机电池；4G网络

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At present,there are many commonly used maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control methods for solar photovoltaic system which have different degrees of output fluctuations.In order to solve the problem and improve the response speed further,a novel MPPT algorithm based on the extreme learning machine was put forward in this paper.Using the extreme learning machine which has small error,fast speed and simple structure train a mathematical model with the environmental temperature and light intensity as input and the maximum power point as output,the model can be used as the controller of the photovoitaic cells.The simulation results show that the error of the model meets the requirements,when the ambient temperature and light intensity change,it can respond quickly so as to photovoltaic cells work at the maximum power point and operate stably.

关键词：光伏；MPPT；极端学习机

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Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) offer the potential to reduce both oil imports and greenhouse gas emissions, but high upfront costs, battery-limited vehicle range, and concern over high battery replacement costs may discourage potential buyers. A both oil imports and greenhouse gas emissions, but high upfront costs, battery-limited vehicle range, and concern over high battery replacement costs may discourage potential buyers. A subscription model in which a service provider owns the battery and supplies access to battery swapping infrastructure could reduce upfront and battery replacement costs with a predictable monthly fee, while expanding BEV range.

关键词：电池；电动汽车；经济分析

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he U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) SunShot Vision Study (DOE 2012) explored the impact of reducing solar prices by about 75% from 2010 to 2020 on the potential deployment of solar technologies in the United States. DOE's SunShot Initiative envisions reaching a $1.50/W installed system price for residential rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems by 2020 and a $1.25/W installed price for commercial rooftop PV systems by 2020. The SolarDS model was used to simulate rooftop PV market demand based on these price projections, along with several market assumptions, including customer access to financing, future retail electricity rates, and net-metering policies. In the SunShot Vision Study, U.S. rooftop PV demand increased from about 1 GW in 2010 to 121 GW by 2030 and 240 GW by 2050.

关键词：屋顶；太阳能电池阵列；部署；电力；能源政策

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Well-known, the interest to the colloidal solution with quantum dots (QDs) lies in their fluorescence properties. Among the advantages of QDs are the high resistance to photooxidation, the size and composition variation allowing to Obtain the narrow emission spectra with high quantum yield from the ultraviolet to the near infrared region. In this chapter we present the last achievements in forming and bio-medical applications of luminescent Si and SiC QDs. It is shown that a broad size distribution of Si QDs are obtained at electrochemical etching. The dimensions of the Si QDs undergone filtering in colloidal solution vary discretely with a radius quantum equal to 0.12 nm. Existing of this quantum may correspond to step-like increasing of Si QDs radius on one new shell at the surface of Si QDs. The formed QDs show intense luminescent in visual region. However, one of the major drawbacks of Si QDs for bio-medical application is instability over time in water or buffer solutions. To overcome this drawback the several methods of surface functionalization are discussed. The SiC QDs are stable in water solutions and do not require supplementary surface functionalisation for bioimaging. A strong fluorescence from the SiC QDs, which undoubtedly penetrate into the cell, has been observed. The studying of health and cancer cells using SiC QDs shows that simple modification of surface charge of QDs gives strong opportunity to target the same QDs in intracellular space with their preferential localisation inside or outside the cell nucleus.

关键词：电池材料；电化学腐蚀；电池性能

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Thorough analysis of drag and power characteristics of hydrodynamic power turbines is necessary for the efficient extraction of energy available at sea. In an effort to obtain these characteristics for a three-bladed, axial- flow hydroturbine, used to provide electric power on small sailing vessels, a load cell and voltage measuring system was installed on a carriage in a towing tank for analysis across a speed range of 0.5 to 1.8 m/s. A high-speed camera was used to determine the precise carriage speed and the rotational speed of the turbine rotor. For validation of concept, two thin flat plates were analyzed using the same drag force measuring system in the tow tank to compare experimentally determined drag coefficients with known literature values. Results are shown for the drag force experienced by the flat plates and both the non-rotating and the rotating turbine configurations. Additional results are shown for the turbine s power generation capabilities at rotational speeds between 90 and 500 RPMs. Using computational fluid dynamics for the rectangular flat plate and non-rotational turbine configuration, the experimental and computational results for the drag force characteristics were compared.

关键词：计算流体动力学；流体力学特性；轴流式水轮机

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