Recent studies of missions to the Moon, Mars and Near Earth Asteroids (NEA) indicate that these missions often involve several distinct separately launched vehicles that must ultimately be integrated together in-flight and operate as one unit. Therefore, it is important to see these vehicles as elements of a larger segmented spacecraft rather than separate spacecraft flying in formation. The evolution of large multi-vehicle exploration architecture creates the need (and opportunity) to establish a global power architecture that is common across all vehicles. The Advanced Exploration Systems (AES) Modular Power System (AMPS) project managed by NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) is aimed at establishing the modular power system architecture that will enable power systems to be built from a common set of modular building blocks. The project is developing, demonstrating and evaluating key modular power technologies that are expected to minimize non-recurring development costs, reduce recurring integration costs, as well as, mission operational and support costs. Further, modular power is expected to enhance mission flexibility, vehicle reliability, scalability and overall mission supportability. The AMPS project not only supports multi-vehicle architectures but should enable multi-mission capability as well. The AMPS technology development involves near term demonstrations involving developmental prototype vehicles and field demonstrations. These operational demonstrations not only serve as a means of evaluating modular technology but also provide feedback to developers that assure that they progress toward truly flexible and operationally supportable modular power architecture.

关键词：航空航天系统；降低成本；灵活性；编队飞行

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Amorphous silicon (a-Si) thin film solar cells are one of the major candidates for flexible space solar cells, since it is known they have not only good radiation tolerance, but also many distinct advantages: high specific power, high flexibility, ruggedness, and tight rollup feature for stowage. Additionally, they also have the potential for reductions of both cost and stowage volume. Recently, the specific power of 1200 W/kg has been attained by triple-junction (TJ) amorphous silicon alloy solar cells using roll-to-roll processing. However, systematic knowledge of the radiation degradation of a-Si solar cells is still insufficient compared to other types of solar cells, such as crystalline Si and Ⅲ-Ⅴ compounds.

关键词：太阳能电池；电池材料；硅晶体

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The goal of this activity was to carry out program implementation and technical projects in support of the ARRA-funded Advanced Materials in Support of EERE Needs to Advance Clean Energy Technologies Program of the DOE Advanced Manufacturing Office (AMO) (formerly the Industrial Technologies Program (ITP)). The work was organized into eight projects in four materials areas: strategic materials, structural materials, energy storage and production materials, and advanced/field/transient processing. Strategic materials included work on titanium, magnesium and carbon fiber. Structural materials included work on alumina forming austentic (AFA) and CF8C-Plus steels. The advanced batteries and production materials projects included work on advanced batteries and photovoltaic devices. Advanced/field/transient processing included work on magnetic field processing. Details of the work in the eight projects are available in the project final reports which have been previously submitted.

关键词：碳纤维；电池能源效率；储能

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State-of-the-art solar arrays for spacecraft provide on the order of 20 kW of electrical power, and they usually consist of 3J solar cells bonded to hinged rigid panels about 1 inch in thickness. This structural construction allows specific mass and packaging volumes of up to approximately 70 W/kg and 15 kW/m3 to be achieved. Significant advances in solar array structures are required for future very-high-power spacecraft (300+ kW), such as those proposed for pre-positioning heavy cargo on or near the Moon, Mars, or asteroids using solar electric propulsion. These applications will require considerable increases in both W/kg and kW/m3, and will undoubtedly require the use of flexible-substrate designs. This presentation summarizes work sponsored by NASA's Game Changing Development Program since Oct. 2011 to address the challenge of developing 300+ kW solar arrays. The work is primarily being done at NASA Langley, NASA Glenn, and two contractor teams (ATK and DSS), with technical collaboration from AFRL/Kirtland. The near-tem objective of the project is design, analysis, and testing of 30-50 kW solar array designs that are extensible to the far-term objective of 300+ kW. The work is currently focused on three designs: the MegaFlex concept by ATK, the Mega-ROSA concept by DSS, and an in-house 300-kW Government Reference Array concept. Each of these designs will be described in the presentation. Results obtained to date by the team, as well as future work plans, for the design, analysis, and testing of these large solar array structures will be summarized.

关键词：施工；设计分析；评估；包装；面板；太阳能电池板

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LithChem Energy (LCE) successfully designed and built a partially automated lithium-ion bi-cell production machine to produce lower cost prismatic lithium-ion batteries for the DOD. This machine was completed and started up to produce a short run of lithium-ion bi-cells with lithium cobaltate as the cathode material. This system included the design and successful fabrication of two dip coaters, a brush tabber for the coated electrodes to form the weldable electrodes, and a coater for priming the electrode metal grids prior to dip coating. Work stations were constructed for quantitative cell filling, resistance welding of the cell pack electrodes, and for cell pack formation. The prismatic cell packs were designed to be 6 Ah with eight of these to fit into the space of a BB2590 to achieve 12 V and 24 V circuits. In a parallel effort, a new high energy capacity cathode material was optimized based on a lithium nickel cobaltate which achieved an energy density of 230 mAh/g in the voltage range of 2.6 V to 3.9 V at C/10. This cathode material also exhibited high power density up to 40 C discharge rates. This advanced manufacturing System and new cathode material have been designed to lower the cost of All-American made rechargeable lithium-ion cells and batteries for the DOD.

关键词：电池构造；充电电池；锂电池

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Single-ion hit for studies of microscopic irradiation experiment is utilized with spatial accuracy of a few micrometers by means of heavy ion microbeam of several hundred MeV at the TIARA cyclotron. High spatial accuracy for the real-time position detection of single-ion hit is essential in irradiation experiments of biological cells. A CR-39 plastic track detector is generally used as a position detector of single-ion hit. The tracks formed on it after chemical etching are observed by microscope. This procedure takes more than an hour and limits efficiency of therefore strongly required, and various scintillators are examined so far. It is taken notice of photostimulated luminescence (PSL) of Al_2O_3:C in this study, which has accurate dose sensitivity ranging from 0.1 μGy to 10 Gy. Photostimulable sample are possible to be prepared by adjusting parameters such as the amount of implantation density of activators by means of the TIARA ion implanter and annealing condition.

关键词：电池；化学反应；单离子反应

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Indium-tin-oxide (ITO) is widely used as transparent electrode in solar cells and displays. Recent work showed that ITO and other transparent conducting oxides can work as novel metamterials supporting highly confined surface plasmons. In this project, based on ITO we demonstrated a novel optical material with refractive index significantly smaller than unit, namely epsilon- near-zero (ENZ), which may find numerous applications. We also investigated the applications of ITO for electro-optic modulation. When applying gate voltage through electrolyte gel on an ITO-based structure, electric double layers are formed at the interfaces of ITO and electrolyte gel, which can significantly alter the optical properties of ITO. Two different structures are investigated, and modulation depth up to 38.8% has been achieved in the attenuated total reflection configuration. Preliminary result is presented for the real time response of an ITO/electrolyte gel/doped Si modulator.

关键词：电极；电光学；铟；氧化物；太阳能电池

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Future 4G cellular systems will address the need for capacity increase for the support of diverse services. It is therefore of fundamental importance to design innovative 4G cellular systems able to support the increase in the traffic demand. This Chapter deals with LTE systems and the design of a new reuse scheme, called Soft Frequency Reuse (SFR), that is able to increase the cell capacity that is studied, considering the impact of different scheduling schemes and of different user mobility patterns. A consistent SFR scenario has been implemented in both Ns-3 and OMNeT++ environments. An analytical approach is proposed to evaluate the cell capacity with SFR that has been validated by means of Ns-3 simulations. Finally, OMNeT++ simulations have permitted to highlight the significant impact of the scheduling scheme and user mobility on cell capacity; different mobility patterns have been taken into account.

关键词：电池能力；电源规划；手机电池；4G网络

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At present,there are many commonly used maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control methods for solar photovoltaic system which have different degrees of output fluctuations.In order to solve the problem and improve the response speed further,a novel MPPT algorithm based on the extreme learning machine was put forward in this paper.Using the extreme learning machine which has small error,fast speed and simple structure train a mathematical model with the environmental temperature and light intensity as input and the maximum power point as output,the model can be used as the controller of the photovoitaic cells.The simulation results show that the error of the model meets the requirements,when the ambient temperature and light intensity change,it can respond quickly so as to photovoltaic cells work at the maximum power point and operate stably.

关键词：光伏；MPPT；极端学习机

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Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) offer the potential to reduce both oil imports and greenhouse gas emissions, but high upfront costs, battery-limited vehicle range, and concern over high battery replacement costs may discourage potential buyers. A both oil imports and greenhouse gas emissions, but high upfront costs, battery-limited vehicle range, and concern over high battery replacement costs may discourage potential buyers. A subscription model in which a service provider owns the battery and supplies access to battery swapping infrastructure could reduce upfront and battery replacement costs with a predictable monthly fee, while expanding BEV range.

关键词：电池；电动汽车；经济分析

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