The global de-icing market consists of three major products: de-icer trucks, snow blowers and sweepers, and de-icing chemicals and fluids, which enable the safe flight operation of an aircraft. Government organizations such as FAA have mandated the de-icing of each and every aircraft, before flight operation, to ensure the safety of the passengers and the airline. We expect the global aircraft de-icing market to grow at a CAGR of 3.68% during the period 2014-2019. In 2014, the market was led by the Americas with a share of 61.48%, followed by EMEA with 34.69% and APAC with 3.83%.

关键词：除冰市场；除冰车；雪鼓风机；清扫器；除冰化学品；流体；安全飞行；飞机的操作

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Product lifecycle management (PLM) is used to manage a product, from its conception to the service and delivery of the manufactured product. Manufacturing companies need the PLM software to deal with various functionalities at different levels of an organization, including designing, engineering, and manufacturing of the products. Expanding product portfolios and the complexities involved in product development have boosted the demand for a system that can act as one-stop solution for production processes across industries. The implementation of PLM in an organization results in higher revenue, reduced cost, and capital efficiency.

关键词：产品生命周期管理；管理产品；概念；服务；设计的产品；工程和制造；降低成本；资金使用效率

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Aircraft PMA parts are manufactured according to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) design and production approval process. These parts are approved replacements for the original OEM parts. The production of aircraft PMA parts by thirdparty companies started in the US in the 1950s. In the absence of PMA manufacturers, OEMs have the monopoly over the design and manufacture of aircraft and aftermarket parts.

关键词：航空；PMA件；制造；设计和生产；批准程序；OEM部件

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Armored vehicles include ground combat and transportation vehicles used by landbased military forces for operations such as transporting cargo and military personnel, as well as for operating in active combats. These vehicles are protected by armor and in many cases armed with weapons. Armored vehicles provide significant strength to a country’s army and are used in large numbers by military forces around the world.

关键词：装甲车；陆基地面作战；运输车辆；活性搏斗操作；装甲保护

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An unmanned underwater vehicle is a small submarine used for underwater tasks. They can be divided into two categories: ROV and AUV. ROVs are usually tethered with cables, whereas AUVs operate independently and are remotely controlled. ROVs are divided into two classes: work class and eyeball. Work class ROVs are large and heavy and have the ability to lift large equipment. Eyeball ROVs are small and used in scientific exploration, inspection, observation, and rescue. AUVs are untethered and are programmed to gather oceanographic data for a set period, without any human supervision. Payloads are attached to the unmanned underwater vehicles; they help collect data and enhance the functionality of the vehicles.

关键词：无人水下航行器；小型潜艇；ROV；水下机器人；遥控潜水器；独立运作；远程控制；收集；海洋数据

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As part of NASA's Avionics Steering Committee's stated goal to advance the avionics discipline ahead of program and project needs, the committee initiated a multi-Center technology roadmapping activity to create a comprehensive avionics roadmap. The roadmap is intended to strategically guide avionics technology development to effectively meet future NASA missions needs. The scope of the roadmap aligns with the twelve avionics elements defined in the ASC charter, but is subdivided into the following five areas: Foundational Technology (including devices and components), Command and Data Handling, Spaceflight Instrumentation, Communication and Tracking, and Human Interfaces.

关键词：航空电子设备；指挥和控制；航天器仪表

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Multi-Mission Earth Entry Vehicles (MMEEVs) are blunt-body vehicles designed with the purpose of transporting payloads from outer space to the surface of the Earth. To achieve high-reliability and minimum weight, MMEEVs avoid use of limited-reliability systems, such as parachutes and retro-rockets, instead using built-in impact attenuators to absorb energy remaining at impact to meet landing loads requirements. The Multi-Mission Systems Analysis for Planetary Entry (M-SAPE) parametric design tool is used to facilitate the design of MMEEVs and develop the trade space. Testing was conducted to characterize the material properties of several candidate impact foam attenuators to enhance M-SAPE analysis. In the current effort, two different Rohacell foams were tested to determine their thermal conductivity in support of MMEEV design applications. These applications include thermal insulation during atmospheric entry, impact attenuation, and post-impact thermal insulation in support of thermal soak analysis. Results indicate that for these closed-cell foams, the effect of impact is limited on thermal conductivity due to the venting of the virgin material gas and subsequent ambient air replacement. Results also indicate that the effect of foam temperature is significant compared to data suggested by manufacturer's specifications.

关键词：航空航天器；大气层；衰减器；泡沫

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关键词：冻土路基；青藏铁路；水热耦合模型；数值模拟；温度分布

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在高速列车运行过程中,车轮踏面常因制动或空转打滑而造成局部擦伤。车轮擦伤将产生异常的轮轨冲击力,从而加剧车辆轨道结构的疲劳破坏。为调查车轮擦伤对高速轮轨接触行为的影响,建立考虑车轮擦伤的高速轮轨动力学模型,对新、旧两种车轮擦伤扁疤的几何形状及作用机理进行数值描述和动力学建模。基于动力学仿真计算,对新、旧车轮擦伤激扰下高速车辆的动力学响应进行详细调查,着重分析车轮擦伤对轮轨法向作用力及轮对垂向振动加速度的影响,并系统调查了车速、车轮擦伤扁疤深度及长度对高速轮轨冲击的影响,提出了高速车轮擦伤维修界限的计算方法。

关键词：高速列车；轮轨动力学；车轮擦伤；动力学建模；轮轨接触行为；维修界限

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关键词：空车调配；动态；车流推算；时空网络；排空；混沌粒子群

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