采用增压器台架试验与模拟计算相结合的方法对一新型压气机开展研究。首先针对压气机首轮性能试验与预测相差较大的问题,详细分析了原样机的特性并进行了三维数值模拟,依据样机分析与数值分析的结果针对性地提出了多方面的改进措施,包括变换壳体支撑型式、消除加工误差、优化高压级叶轮等。再对改进后的压气机进行了试验,新一轮样机的台架试验最终满足设计要求。

关键词：压气机；仿真；台架试验；交互验证

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The final report, Evaluation of a Prototype Safer Teen Car, describes the methods, findings, and recommendations by the University of Minnesota on the practicality and benefits of a system that can provide real-time driver feedback to teen drivers. A prototype Safer Teen Car (STC) system was developed and served as the basis for a field evaluation and as a demonstration unit for stakeholder groups. The STC designed for this project was comprised of a number of interrelated subsystems, including: Teen driver identification subsystem; Seat belt detection & enhanced reminder subsystem; Passenger presence subsystem; Speed monitoring & feedback subsystem; Excessive maneuver & feedback subsystem; Cell phone use detection & mitigation subsystem; and Driving context subsystem. The findings generally showed improved safety behavior during when the STC system provided feedback. For example, the reduction in the per-mile rate of excessive maneuvers was statistically significant at night, but not during the day. In general, the results indicated reductions in the rates of speeding, excessive maneuvers, and seat belt nonuse. Overall, the STC was viewed as useful and safety-enhancing, by both teens and parents. Both teens and parents agreed that the STC changed the teens driving behavior. Parents would generally recommend the STC to other parents.

关键词：青少年司机;安全带,乘客;速度监控;手机;分心

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针对双对置发动机采用双喷油器侧向喷油的特点,开展了不同组合喷油策略对缸内燃烧放热的模拟计算研究。首先建立了仿真计算模型,验证了模型参数选取的合理性,在此基础上分析了2个喷油器的循环油量分配比例、喷油始点、喷孔直径、喷油持续期等组合方案对燃烧放热规律以及发动机性能的影响,并以性能指标和降低压升率为目标得到了优化的组合方案。

关键词：双对置发动机；二冲程发动机；组合喷射；燃烧过程；仿真

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Fuel may be taxed to cover the environmental costs associated with fuel consumption by road vehicles. Fuel taxation represents a large source of government revenue, especially in Europe and particularly in France. Furthermore, different levels of fuel taxation often have been used as a way to support an industrial sector. In France, the main fuel tax is lower for diesel fuel than for gasoline. From an environmental viewpoint, several studies show that gasoline is overtaxed and diesel fuel is undertaxed. But from the users' viewpoint, diesel-powered cars are appealing: they are more fuel-efficient, and their fuel is cheaper (at least in France and several other European countries). However, diesel cars are more expensive to purchase, partly because automakers capture part of the expected gains. A change in the fuel taxation levels thus is expected to affect how households and businesses choose engine types, and in response, automakers would change their pricing strategies. The expected outcome is undetermined. Insights into this question are given by using French data to model the demand and the supply sides of the car market. Expected long-term outcomes of different taxation schemes are given at the car fleet level for France. A 60increase in the diesel fuel tax would bring about a decrease in the dieselization rate at the fleet level from 64to 45between 2011 and 2030 and a decrease in overall carbon dioxide (CO_2) emissions of passenger cars by 3.5, whereas a scheme including a decreased gasoline tax could bring about an increase in CO_2 emissions.

关键词：汽车；柴油；汽油；尾气排放；建模

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以涡轮增压、涡轮复合、涡轮组合3种联合循环技术为对象,分析了各自理论循环特点并指出:涡轮增压联合循环技术实现了底循环与顶部循环的初级联合,底循环用来加强顶部循环但不对外输出功率;涡轮复合联合循环技术实现了底循环与顶部循环的有机结合,底循环除用来完善顶部循环外还参与对外输出功率并达到了较高的能量利用效率;涡轮组合循环技术实现了底循环与顶部循环的组合运行,底循环与顶部循环之间实现了模块化组合运行,使动力输出模式可按车辆的需求而变化。总结了各项技术的最新研究成果并对车用发动机联合循环技术的发展方向进行了展望。

关键词：车用发动机；涡轮联合循环技术；涡轮增压；涡轮复合；涡轮组合

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This study examined the differences in the probability of licensed drivers purchasing a new light-duty vehicle (car, pickup truck, SUV, or minivan) as a function of their age. Data analyzed were for 2007 and 2011. 

关键词：年龄(生物学);销售;轻型车辆;人口;表(数据);数据;汽车买家

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Understanding the diverse PHEV purchase behaviors among prospective new car buyers is key for designing efficient and effective policies for promoting new energy vehicle technologies. The ORNL MA3T model developed for the U.S. Department of Energy is described and used to project PHEV purchase probabilities by different consumers. MA3T disaggregates the U.S. household vehicle market into 1458 consumer segments based on region, residential area, driver type, technology attitude, home charging availability and work charging availability and is calibrated to the EIA's Annual Energy Outlook. Simulation results from MA3T are used to identify the more likely PHEV buyers and provide explanations. It is observed that consumers who have home charging, drive more frequently and live in urban area are more likely to buy a PHEV. Early adopters are projected to be more likely PHEV buyers in the early market, but the PHEV purchase probability by the late majority consumer can increase over time when PHEV gradually becomes a familiar product.

关键词：混合动力电动汽车,市场;汽车;消费者;燃料电池;家庭;橡树岭国家实验室;仿真;城市地区

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Automotive lighting, an indispensable component for automobiles, is vital to the safety and comfort of drivers and passengers. It includes lighting and signaling devices fitted on the exterior and interior of the vehicle. While the primary use of automotive lighting is to provide visibility to the driver, improve vehicle conspicuity, and intimate the presence and position of the vehicle to others, it has established ground in the aesthetics of a vehicle. There have been constant developments in the Global Automotive Lighting market , which deal with advances in technology, enhancement of safety, and lowering of energy consumption of the lighting units. The market is heavily reliant on the demand in the Automotive industry.

关键词：汽车照明；安全；至关重要；乘客；舒适度；外部照明；信号装置

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报告从竞争环境、市场环境、政策环境、分类环境、区域环境等几个方面进行了分析及评论。

关键词：竞争环境；市场环境；政策环境；分类环境；区域环境

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The suspension system together with the chassis of the car play an important role in the performance of a race car. The knowledge of the forces that are transmitted through the car's suspension system allows a better adjustment and optimization of various structural components. In this study, an identification method, with a neural network based methodology, was tested using experimental data in order to identify and quantify the horizontal and vertical forces in the wheel hub, which are transmitted to the triangle of the suspension and to the chassis of the car. The obtained results are promising and show that it is possible to use this methodology for real-time monitoring of horizontal and vertical forces acting on the triangle suspension of the formula student car.

关键词：汽车；悬架系统；底盘；神经网络；轮毂

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