This study compared fuel economy and emissions between heavy-duty hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and equivalent conventional diesel vehicles. In-use field data were collected from daily fleet operations carried out at a FedEx facility in California on six HEV and six conventional 2010 Freightliner M2-106 straight box trucks. Field data collection primarily focused on route assessment and vehicle fuel consumption over a six-month period. Chassis dynamometer testing was also carried out on one conventional vehicle and one HEV to determine differences in fuel consumption and emissions. Route data from the field study was analyzed to determine the selection of dynamometer test cycles. From this analysis, the New York Composite (NYComp), Hybrid Truck Users Forum Class 6 (HTUF 6), and California Air Resource Board (CARB) Heavy Heavy-Duty Diesel Truck (HHDDT) drive cycles were chosen. The HEV showed 31better fuel economy on the NYComp cycle, 25better on the HTUF 6 cycle and 4worse on the CARB HHDDT cycle when compared to the conventional vehicle. The in-use field data indicates that the HEVs had around 16better fuel economy than the conventional vehicles. Dynamometer testing also showed that the HEV generally emitted higher levels of nitric oxides than the conventional vehicle over the drive cycles, up to 77higher on the NYComp cycle (though this may at least in part be attributed to the different engine certification levels in the vehicles tested). The conventional vehicle was found to accelerate up to freeway speeds over ten seconds faster than the HEV.

关键词：电动车辆；测功机；柴油机；卡车；排放

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This template This paper investigates the optimal cluster flight orbit design issue for the fractionated spacecraft according to three main goals:keeping the cluster as stable as possible,preventing the collisions within the cluster,maintaining the inter-satellite distance within the maximum region.Firstly,the relative orbital elements are adopted to describe the relative motion.Then,the formation design requirements are formulated in terms of the relative orbital elements,the constrained optimization problem is solved using the hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm integrated with sequential quadratic programming local search.The simulation results show that the hybrid PSO-SQP algorithm is effective.

关键词：分次飞船;集群飞行轨道;相对轨道要素;粒子群优化;序列二次规划

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目前我国汽车后市场发展刚刚起步，只有运用创新思维，不断洞悉消费需求，才能促进中国汽车后市场的良性发展。

关键词：汽车后市场；产业战略；转型

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A Class 7 school bus and Class 8 straight truck were tested by NHTSA VRTC to evaluate relative braking performance and stability levels of various high-output foundation brake configurations. An abbreviated FMVSS No. 121 test sequence was conducted, with additional tests being performed for research purposes. Each vehicle was tested with three brake configurations: (1) standard S-cam drums (baseline) on all wheel positions; (2) hybrid-Air-disc brakes on the steer axle and S-cam drums on the drive axles; and (3) air disc brakes on all wheel positions. The vehicles were tested at two load conditions, a Lightly Loaded Vehicle Weight (LLVW) and Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR). Each vehicle-brake-load combination met the current FMVSS No. 121 standard service brake stops on a dry surface from 60 mph. At LLVW, both vehicles exhibited reductions in stopping distance when the S-cam brakes were replaced with either hybrid or all disc configuration brakes, but the difference between the two change types was negligible at this load. However at GVWR, the benefits of disc brakes at all wheel positions were clearly seen. The disc brake configuration showed shorter stopping distances of 20 and 22 percent for the straight truck and the bus, respectively, where the hybrid brake configurations only produced stopping distances that were 10 percent shorter than S-cam brakes for both trucks.

关键词：卡车；客车；制动器（运动避雷器）；性能测试

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关键词：太赫兹时域光谱;复合聚合物薄膜；光学参数

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With efforts to reduce the cost, size, and thermal management systems for the power electronics drivetrain in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), wide band gap semiconductors including silicon carbide (SiC) have been identified as possibly being a partial solution. Research on SiC power electronics has shown their higher efficiency compared to Si power electronics due to significantly lower conduction and switching losses. This paper focuses on the development of a high power module based on SiC JFETs and Schottky diodes. Characterization of a single device, a module developed using the same device, and finally an inverter built using the modules is presented. When tested at moderate load levels compared to the inverter rating, an efficiency of 98.2was achieved by the initial prototype.

关键词：混合动力电动汽车；半导体设备；电子设备；逆变器

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This paper proposes a charging algorithm which is based on the Estimation of Distribution Algorithm (EDA) for Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV).The proposed algorithm shifts the peak of power supply,satisfies the requested State of Charge (SoC [％]),and minimizes the charging cost.The proposed algorithm uses flexible weight for charging and upper charging limit to each PHEV to minimize the charge amount in peak time.The simulation result shows that the proposed algorithm shifts the peak of power supply in commute time zones,satisfies SoC of 93％ PHEVs,and reduces charging cost by 31％ compared with conventional EDA algorithm.

关键词：混合动力汽车;智能电网;分配算法估计

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This report covers the present scenario and the growth prospects of the Global Variable CamTiming market for the period 2014-2018. The report considers the revenue generated from the sales of cam phasing and variable valve actuation. The report presents the vendor landscape and corresponding detailed analysis of the top four vendors in the Global Variable Cam Timing market. In addition, it discusses the major drivers that influence the growth of the market. It also outlines the challenges faced by vendors and the market at large, as well as key trends emerging in the market.

关键词：可变凸轮；VVT；电子技术；机械系统

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关键词：时间同步;锁相环系统;钟表;同步性

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Vehicle power train plays an important role to develop the energy efficient and reduce fuel consumption.In this paper,the drive train fuzzy controller structure and the fuzzy logic control strategies of parallel hybrid vehicles is presented.Simulation results illustrate the potential of the proposed controller and control strategy in terms of fuel economy and in keeping the deviations of SOC at a low level.

关键词：混合动力电动汽车动力传动系统；模糊控制器的结构；模糊逻辑控制策略

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