The Global Orphan Drugs market is growing at a steady rate. In 2013, the Americas dominated the market, where the major contribution was from the US, and this trend is expected to continue during the forecast period. The Americas was followed by the EMEA and APAC regions. It is estimated that 6-10 percent of the world's population will suffer from a rare disease at some point in their life. The APAC region's population is nearly two-thirds of the global total, providing a wider pool of people suffering from the rarest diseases. Hence there is a vast opportunity for vendors in this market to expand into the APAC region as the markets in the region should offer great potential to companies developing orphan drugs. The market is expected to witness an improvement in its growth rate and post a CAGR of 7.61 percent during the period 2013-2018.

关键词：美国FDA；孤品药；安全有效；治疗

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The Depression Drugs market is growing at a steady rate. In 2013, the Americas dominated the market, where the major contribution was from the US, and this trend is expected to continue during the forecast period. The Americas was followed by the EMEA and APAC regions. There is a vast opportunity for vendors in this market to expand into the APAC region. The market is expected to witness an improvement in its growth rate and post a CAGR of 2.49 percent during the forecast period.

关键词：抑郁症；医疗疾病；抑郁药物

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关键词：儿童用药；困境；法规缺失；激励机制

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The Global Condom market is growing at a moderate pace and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 8.39 percent during the forecast period. The market was dominated by the APAC region in 2013, followed by the EMEA region and the Americas. Huge growth potential is expected from the APAC region during the forecast period due to the increasing population and disposable income of consumers. Ansell Ltd., Church & Dwight Co. Inc., Okamoto Industries Inc., Reckitt Benckiser Group plc, and The Female Health Co. are the major players in this market.

关键词：安全套；屏障；性病；艾滋病；预防性病；生育方法

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ALS, often referred to as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects neurons in the brain and spinal cord. In ALS, degeneration of the motor neurons leads to their death. As a result the brain loses its ability to initiate and control muscle movement. Patients in the later stages of the disease may turn out to be totally paralyzed. Muscle twitches, cramps, tight and stiff muscles, slurred and nasal speech, and difficulties in chewing or swallowing are some of the common symptoms observed in ALS patients.

关键词：ALS；卢伽雷病；进行性神经变性疾病；失去；启动；控制；肌肉

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Central venous access devices are devices inserted into the central venous system to administer medication or fluids, draw blood, and measure central venous pressure. These devices are made up of a non-irritant material such as silicone so that they can be left in place for several weeks or months. Central venous access devices are recommended when there is difficultly to obtain peripheral venous access or in case of certain intravenous therapies such as chemotherapy, total parenteral nutrition, prolonged medication, repeated transfusions of blood or blood products, and frequent blood sampling. These devices are inserted either by surgeons or interventional radiologists with or without the use of general anesthesia. CVCs, PICCS, and implantable ports are the most common types of central venous access device. The catheter has one end positioned outside the body and the ports are surgically placed under the skin and require a special needle for access. Occlusions are a common complication associated with these devices, which can be thrombotic, mechanical, and precipitate occlusions.

关键词：医疗器械；医疗设备；中心静脉通路装置；中心静脉系统；流体，抽血；测量；中央静脉压力

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The increase in the understanding of genomics and drug delivery systems facilitated the development of RNA therapeutics as a mode of drug delivery. RNAi drug delivery systems offer better bioavailability and mode of action for effective therapeutic benefits. Three types of RNAi drug delivery technologies include the nanoparticle-based RNAi delivery system, the nucleicacid-based drug delivery method, and the aptamer-based RNAi drug delivery system. The nanoparticle-based RNAi drug delivery systems represent the most popular system; while the nucleic-acid-based drug delivery method and the aptamer-based RNAi drug delivery system represent the niche upcoming technologies.

关键词：基因组学；药物输送；RNA疗法；药物传递

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大环内酯类抗生素(macrolides antibiotic)系一类含有14、15及16元大环内酯环的具有抗菌作用的抗生素.研究显示,大环内酯类抗生素除具有抗菌作用外,还兼有抗炎和免疫调节的作用[1].本文就大环内酯类抗生素在治疗不同疾病方面新的临床应用及其免疫调节机制作一综述.1大环内酯类抗生素在不同疾病中的应用1.1肺部疾病1.1.1哮喘 Sutherland等[2]进行的一项随机双盲试验显示,克拉霉素可以减低哮喘患者的气道高反应性.Lin等[3],研究显示,阿奇霉素可以通过抑制Th2细胞产生促炎性细胞因子白细胞介素(IL)-5,从而降低哮喘患儿气道的高反应性,达到治疗哮喘的目的,同时大剂量的阿奇霉索还可以抑制CD4+T细胞的分化增殖,促进CD4+T细胞的凋亡.另有研究显示,阿奇霉素可以有效降低哮喘患者气道内Th2细胞因子,如IL-4、IL-5及干扰素(IFN)-γ的水平[4].Hrvaci(c)等[5]研究显示,克拉霉素可以降低哮喘大鼠模型肺泡灌洗液中IL-4、IL-5、IL-13、趋化性细胞因子配体(CCL)的水平,降低气道的高反应性.

关键词：抗菌药;大环内酯类;神经免疫调节;综述

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　　目的研究靶向抑制乏氧诱导因子（HIF）-1α基因对Tca8113及Tscca舌癌细胞株增殖的影响。方法将HIF-1α基因的短发夹干扰RNA（shRNA）的表达载体与空载质粒分别转染人舌癌细胞中作为siHIF-1α组和空载组，半定量RT-PCR及Western blot法检测HIF-1α的mRNA及蛋白表达。软琼脂克隆形成实验观察细胞的增殖；细胞计数法检测活细胞的数量；流式细胞分析术检测细胞周期的分布；同时将舌癌细胞接种至裸鼠皮下，观察体内的成瘤情况。结果 HIF-1αshRNA质粒转染舌癌细胞株后，HIF-1α的mRNA及蛋白表达明显下降。siHIF-1α组细胞在软琼脂中形成克隆的能力显著下降。细胞计数表明siHIF-1α组活细胞数量减少。转染后乏氧培养48 h si-HIF-1α组细胞周期阻滞于G0/G1期。舌癌细胞移植到裸鼠体内数天后siHIF-1α组成瘤体积明显小于空载组（P＜0.05）。结论 HIF-1α基因能够促进舌癌细胞增殖活性，有可能成为未来治疗舌癌的一个潜在作用靶点。

关键词：舌肿瘤;细胞系,肿瘤;RNA干扰;缺氧诱导因子1,α亚基;逆转录聚合酶链反应;印迹法,蛋白质;细胞增殖;小鼠,近交BALB C;tongue neoplasms;cell line,tumor;RNA interference;hypoxia-inducible factor 1,alpha subunit;re-verse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction;blotting,Western;cell proliferation;mice,inbred BALB C

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　　目的研究2型糖尿病患者合并轻度认知功能障碍的相关危险因素，为早期诊治提供依据。方法217例2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者分为T2DM轻度认知功能障碍（MCI）组92例和T2DM认知功能正常(NMCI)组125例。使用蒙特利尔量表评分（MoCA）和日常生活能力评定量表（ADL）来评估患者的认知功能状态。收集患者一般资料，检测患者的临床生化指标和相关并发症，采用Logistic回归分析认知功能障碍的影响因素。结果 MCI与NMIC组年龄、吸烟史、教育程度、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、冠心病、高血压、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、T2DM病程比较差异有统计学意义；单因素二元Logistic回归分析显示年龄大、T2DM病程长、有吸烟史、hs-CRP增高、HbA1c增高、合并冠心病和高血压为T2DM认知功能障碍的危险因素，教育程度高是保护因素；多因素二元Logistic回归分析显示年龄大、DM病程长是危险因素，教育程度高是保护性因素。结论2型糖尿病合并轻度认知功能障碍的影响因素较多，早期诊治有助于预防和减少认知功能障碍的发生。

关键词：糖尿病, 2型;认知障碍;Logistic模型;危险因素;diabetes mellitus,type 2;cognition disorders;Logistic models;risk factors

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