In this thesis, a new scheme, \textit{scene geometry-aware image-patch modeling}, based on the concept of a \textbf{patch-cube}, is proposed to model image patches in a light field, rather than in a single image. A light field is a collection of images all acquired at the same instant, providing a set of perspectives on the scene as though observing all of the light information that passes through a windowing portal (clearly with some discretization and sampling). The scene geometric information is implicitly incorporated in our modeling process, including depth and occlusion, without explicit knowledge of 3D scene structure. These extra constraints on the scene geometry empower our learned features to be less affected by image noise, lighting conditions, etc. As demonstration, we apply our method to joint image denoising and joint spatial/angular image super-resolution tasks, where its use of the light field will be seen to permit it to outperform its image-patch based counterparts. Here, a 2D camera array with small incremental baselines is used to capture the light field data, and this analysis is the majority of what we report. Additionally, working with real data from real light-field cameras, we present novel and highly effective methods for the calibration of these camera arrays.

关键词：图像片；光场；光场相机；特征分析

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We present PACORA, a resource allocation framework designed to provide responsiveness guarantees to a simultaneous mix of high-throughput parallel, interactive, and real-time applications in an efficient, scalable manner. By measuring application behavior directly and using convex optimization techniques, PACORA is able to understand the resource requirements of applications and perform near-optimal resource allocation-2% from the best allocation in 1.4ms while only requiring a few hundred bytes of storage per application.

关键词：动态交互；资源分配；响应时；优化

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In this project, we explore two forms of user authentication, alternative to the alpha-numeric password, through utilization of various hardware components in a modern smartphone. These components act as input channels for biometric and geolocative data, which can be used to validate the identity of a user through gesture-based authentication (via the accelerometer and orientation sensor) and location-based authentication (via the WIFI sensor). We develop an Android application that incorporates these two authentication methods. We implement two different gesture-based authentication algorithms adapted from existing work done in this field of security research. We find that one algorithm is more convenient to train and implement than the other algorithm, but also performs more poorly in terms of accuracy compared to the other algorithm. We also implement a location-based authentication algorithm based on scanning the WIFI access points around the user’s current location. We introduce thresholds into the algorithm to provide tolerance and robustness against inconsistent WIFI access points, and these thresholds show improvement in the algorithm’s performance.

关键词：用户身份验证；生物认证；智能手机；安卓应用

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We present Ocular CellScope, a mobile ophthalmoscope device that leverages smartphone technology to effectively capture retinal images and manage patient records. Our system is the second design iteration of the existing prototype, addressing a number of usability issues associated with the lack of an integrated mobile application and ergonomically friendly design. It features an advanced optical lens attachment for the iPhone built with a custom illumination system. A mobile application has been designed to capture, store, and review retinal images, as well as record patient information. Our device is capable of producing high-quality retinal images comparable to that of high-end retinal imaging equipment currently on the market and is priced at a significant fraction of the price of current competitors.

关键词：视网膜疾病；视网膜成像；眼部检查；智能手机；手持设备

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This paper focuses on the ADC used in the compressed sensing signal chain. Using the Cadence suite of tools and a 32/28nm process, we produced simulations of our compressed sensing Analog to Digital Converter to feed into a Digital Compression circuit. Our results indicate that a 12-bit, 20Ksample, 9.8nW Successive Approximation ADC is possible for diagnostic resolution (10 bits). By incorporating a hybrid-C2C DAC with differential floating voltage shields, it is possible to obtain 9.7 ENOB. Thus, we recommend this ADC for use in compressed sensing for biomedical purposes.

关键词：摩尔定律；微芯片；压缩传感；ADC；ENOB

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Although secure processors encrypt all data as it leaves the CPU, the memory addresses that are being accessed in DRAM are still transmitted in plaintext on the address bus. This represents an important source of information leakage that enables serious attacks that can, in the worst case, leak bits of cryptographic keys. To counter such attacks, we introduce PHANTOM, a new secure processor that obfuscates its memory access trace. To an adversary who can observe the processor's output pins, all memory access traces are computationally indistinguishable (a property known as obliviousness). We achieve obliviousness through a cryptographic construct known as Oblivious RAM (ORAM).

关键词：安全处理器；Oblivious路由；ORAM

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In this thesis, prototype relay devices demonstrated by previous studies are discussed and the keyfactors that need to be addressed in order to minimize the switching energy are pointed out. Theminimum switching energy is found to be limited by the contact adhesive force betweencontacts; studies on prototype devices with different contact areas shows that van der Waalsforce between contacts are the main source of adhesion in the prototype mechanical relays.Experiments show that by adding surface coating materials with low Hamaker constant canlower the contact adhesive force.

关键词：CMOS；数字逻辑电路；超低功率；NEM；中继

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I present my work towards learning a better computer vision system that learns and generalizes object categories better, and behaves in ways closer to what human behave. Specifically, I focus on two key components of such a system: learning better features, and revisiting existing problem statements. For the first component, I propose and analyze novel receptive field learning and dictionary learning methods, mathematically justified by the Nystrom sampling theory, that learn more compact and effective features for object recognition tasks. For the second component, I propose to combine otherwise independently developed computer vision and cognitive science studies, and present the first large-scale system that allows computers to learn and generalize closer to what a human learner will do. I also provide a large-scale human behavior database, which will hopefully enable further research along this research direction.

关键词：Nystrom；采样理论；图像表示；特征学习

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This report presents a compressed sensing front-end for bio-signal applications that dynamically adjusts the compression factor, and increases the accuracy of reconstruction by removing noise with spike detection. This report includes the design and simulation of a low power differential ADC and the analysis of the proposed compressed sensing DSP with a 32 nm CMOS process. The DSP is estimated to consume 0.525 W at VDD = 0.4 V. The ADC uses the SAR architecture with a hybrid capacitive array with floating voltage shield, a Strongarm comparator, and digital SAR logic. The ADC consumes 9.8 nW at VDD = 1.05V and has 9.7-bits of resolution running at 20 kHz. Significant power savings are possible with compressed sensing and its influence will be key in driving the revolution of wearable sensors and medical monitoring.

关键词：生物信号；生物传感器；压缩传感；芯片

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Commercial buildings use 73% of all electricity consumed in the United States, and numerous studies suggest that there is a significant unrealized opportunity for savings. One of the many reasons this problem persists in the face of financial incentives is that owners and operators have very poor visibility into the operation of their buildings. Making changes to operations often requires expensive consultants, and the technological capacity for change is unnecessarily limited. Our thesis is that some of these issues are not simply failures of incentives and organization but failures of technology and imagination: with a better software framework, many aspects of building operation would be improved by innovative software applications.To evaluate this hypothesis, we develop an architecture for implementing building applications in a flexible and portable way, called the Building Operating System Services.

关键词：建筑施工；软件框架；架构开发

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