Epigenetic alterations leading to the silencing of tumor suppressor genes or activation of oncogenes are underlying causes for metastatic disease. The proposed project set out to identify and quantify novel epigenetic modifications-histone phosphorylations-mediated by oncogenic kinases, that may promote the progression of prostate cancer to androgen independence by using differentially labeled prostate cancer cell lines grown in the presence and absence of androgen. SILAC based mass spectrometry analysis revealed that lysine residues in histones were found to be acetylated at a number of sites and threonine and serine residues were phosphorylated in both androgen dependent and castration resistant prostate cancer cells. Notably, a significant decrease in acetylation of lysine 5 in histone H2B, was observed in androgen deprived cells. Although tyrosine phosphorylation was detected by immunoblotting of histones prepared from prostate cancer cells, specific tyrosine residues were not uncovered by LC-MS/MS analysis. ACK1 and WEE1 tyrosine kinase signaling were found to be some of the major pathways upregulated in prostate cancer cells upon androgen deprivation. Future studies could explore H2BK5Ac, WEE1, and ACK1 substrates as novel biomarkers in prostate cancer.

关键词：基因；组蛋白；肿瘤发生；前列腺癌

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The development of genome and proteomic technologies is related, first of all, to the progress recently achieved in developing of high-sensitivity, rapid methods for registration and analysis of nucleic acids and proteins. One of such methods, combining high sensitivity and high response speed, is the nanowire (NW) detection technique. This technique allows one to register analyte species in real time without using labels. Nowadays, the concentration sensitivity of such systems in registering proteins and DNAs reaches the femtomolar level. In the present chapter, we consider nanowire sensor systems based on silicon nanowire field-effect transistors. We discuss the achieved potential in detecting low-copy proteins with the help of nanowire systems. We show that it is possible to use not only antibodies, but also aptamers, as probing molecules for biospecific protein detection. We also discuss the possibility of using nanowire detectors in genome studies.

关键词：基因组；蛋白质；纳米线

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A 37-year-old diesel mechanic employed by a railroad transportation company died when his loaded utility truck collided with the rear of a semi-trailer on a four-lane interstate highway. The mechanic was driving at highway speed during daylight hours when he failed to stop in time and struck the semi, which was moving slowly in traffic that had backed up due to a car fire two miles downstream. There was severe damage to the mechanic's truck, with underside of the cab and intrusion up to the right rear tires of the trailer ahead. The force of the collision caused a chain reaction, pushing the struck tractor-trailer forward into a second tractor-trailer that had stopped in backed up traffic. Fire and rescue responders arrived from the nearby town located four miles away. The mechanic, who was wearing a safety belt, suffered blunt force trauma as a result of the collision and was pronounced deceased at the scene. He was extricated by mechanical means from the truck cab and was found holding a cell phone. Law enforcement officers' examination of the phone activity revealed the mechanic had exchanged several voice/text messages prior to the crash and was initiating a voice/text message application at the time of the collision. The driver's failure to notice the tractor trailer ahead and stop in time was attributed to texting. Drivers of the other two vehicles were not severely injured.

关键词：汽车；交通安全；机动车事故

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No abstract available.

关键词：航天医学；航天飞行；微重力

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This application focuses on enhancing cancer care by developing non- invasive techniques to determine better biomarkers to improve diagnostic specificity and decrease the number of negative biopsies, and also as markers of response with novel targeted age.

关键词：癌；活检；检测；诊断（医学）

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Poly(hydroxyalkanoates), PHAs, are biologically-derived polyesters with fascinating properties. Produced controllably and sustainably during biosynthesis, they can be considered as potential replacements of petroleum-derived plastics in applications ranging from packaging to biomedical materials. The possibilities to chemically functionalize PHAs offer an avenue to include in PHA materials features such as polarity or reactivity, tailored towards specific applications. Particular interest in PHAs stems from their biocompatibility and degradability, relevant not only for biomaterials behavior but also considering the polymer lifecycle and waste management. In the medical field, PHAs have been considered for drug delivery, wound management, implants for the cardiovascular system and orthopedic materials in bone tissue engineering to produce bone graft substitutes, scaffolds for bone and cartilage repair, spinal cages or internal fixation devices (screws). In this chapter, we will first briefly review some successful applications of PHAs in this area. The second part will be devoted to orthopedic applications (e.g. to improve biocompatibility of implant coatings), including attempts to gain more fundamental understanding on how to control PHA interfaces to optimize the nucleation and growth of calcium phosphate, the main bone mineral.

关键词：单分子膜；复合材料；磷酸钙

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This report focuses on four technology revolutions that are here today. In the last five years they have achieved dramatic reductions in cost1 and this has been accompanied by a surge in consumer, industrial and commercial deployment. Although these four technologies still represent a small percentage of their total market (e.g. electricity, cars and lighting), they are growing rapidly. The four key technologies this report focuses on are: Onshore wind power; Polysilicon photovoltaic modules; LED lighting; and Electric vehicles.

关键词：汽车；能源革命；清洁能源

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The two-dimensional traffic model of Biham, Middleton and Levine (Phys. Rev. A, 1992) is a simple cellular automaton that exhibits a wide range of complex behavior. It consists of both northbound and eastbound cars traveling on a rectangular array of cells, each cell equipped with a traffic signal. The traffic signals switch synchronously from allowing northbound flow to eastbound flow. By gating individual traffic signals, i.e. allowing individual traffic signals to break from synchrony in predetermined, deterministic scenarios based on the local state of traffic, the range for which the system self-organizes into a state of unimpeded flow is extended. On a 100x100 cell array, this additional intelligence enables accomodation of 200 cars more than the original BML model, without any reduction in average velocity.

关键词：汽车；信号；BML模型

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OH Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) and picosecond (ps), broadband Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (CARS) are used for time-resolved temperature and time-resolved, absolute OH number density measurements in lean H2-air, CH4-air, C2H4-air, and C3H8-air mixtures in a nanosecond (ns) pulse discharge cell/plasma flow reactor. The premixed fuel air flow in the reactor, initially at T0 = 500 K and P = 100 torr, is excited by a repetitive ns pulse discharge in a plane-to-plane geometry (peak voltage 28 kV, discharge gap 10 mm, estimated pulse energy 1.25 mJ/pulse), operated in burst mode at 10 kHz pulse repetition rate. In most measurements, burst duration is limited to 50 pulses, to preclude plasma-assisted ignition. The discharge uniformity in air and fuel air flows is verified using sub-ns-gated images (employing an intensified charge-coupled device camera). Temperatures measured at the end of the discharge burst are in the range of T = 550 600 K, using both OH LIF and CARS, and remain essentially unchanged for up to 10 ms after the burst. Time-resolved temperature measured by CARS during plasmaassisted ignition of H2-air is in good agreement with kinetic model predictions. Based on CARS measurement, vibrational nonequilibrium is not a significant factor at the present conditions. Time-resolved, absolute OH number density, measured after the discharge burst, demonstrates that OH concentration in C2H4-air, C3H8-air, and CH4 is highest in lean mixtures. In H2-air, OH concentration is nearly independent of the equivalence ratio. In C2H4-air and C3H8-air, unlike in CH4- air and in H2-air, transient OH-concentration overshoot after the discharge is detected. In C2H4-air and C3H8-air, OH decays after the discharge on the time scale of 0.02 0.1 ms, suggesting little accumulation during the burst of pulses repeated at 10 kHz. In CH4-air and H2-air, OH concentration decays within 0.1 1.0 ms and 0.5 1.0 ms, respectively, showing that it may accumulate during the burst.

关键词：汽车；燃料；能源

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In 2009, the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act granted FDA, an agency within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), authority to regulate tobacco products such as cigarettes. The act requires that tobacco manufacturers submit information to be reviewed by FDA in order to market new tobacco products and established tobacco user fees to fund FDA's tobacco-related activities. The act represents the first time that FDA has had the authority to regulate tobacco products. Manufacturers have raised concerns about the progress of CTP, the FDA center established by the act to implement its provisions. GAO was asked to examine CTP's review of new tobacco product submissions, responses to meeting requests, and use of funds. This report examines (1) the status of CTP's reviews of new tobacco product submissions; (2) how CTP responded to manufacturers' and other entities' meeting requests, and the length of time CTP took to hold the meetings; and (3) the extent to which FDA has spent its tobacco user fee funds. GAO analyzed data regarding submissions received by FDA as of January 7, 2013; reviewed data on meeting requests, spending plans, and amounts obligated; and interviewed CTP and tobacco industry officials.

关键词：烟草制品；美国FDA；香烟；医药

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