Location-enabled mobile devices include smartphones, tablets, and devices fitted in vehicles. The location of such devices is determined by a mechanism known as localization, which considers the user's browsing activities related to navigation, lifestyle, shopping, social networking, public transportation, utilities, and games. Indoor LBS provide information regarding ongoing local events, shopping, and entertainment with the support of mobile devices. They have become a key component of marketing strategies and monitoring systems.

Metal casting is a manufacturing process in which metal (molten or liquid) is poured into a mold made of sand or ceramic plaster. The mold contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape to form geometrically complex parts. Metal casting finds application in planes, trains, mining, construction, electrical equipment, oil wells, pipes, toys, space shuttles, wind turbines, and nuclear plants.

Integrated circuits and microchips have revolutionized industrial automation. The earliest example of a single board single purpose design is the PC/104, which had accessory boards to accommodate many application needs, but was as large as a 3.5- inch floppy disk. Chip manufacturers subsequently improvised and developed single board systems with smaller processors that can perform advanced functions. The system-on-module (SOM) and system-on-chip (SoC) are advanced computerised platforms, which comprise processors, I/O functions, and communication interfaces. They are ubiquitous and serve a broad range of applications starting from a calculator to industrial controls to space technology. Currently, more than 2 billion microcontrollers are developed and manufactured every year.

UPS systems provide emergency power when the main power supply fails. These systems are used to protect equipment and machinery from unexpected power disruptions that could result in loss of productivity. UPS systems are of two types — online and offline.

Injection molding is the most commonly used manufacturing process for the fabrication of plastic parts. Injection molding is used to manufacture a wide variety of products, which vary considerably in their dimensions, complex structures, and end-use applications. The injection molding is done by an injection molding machine and requires plastic and the typical raw material, and a shaping mold. The molding machine melts the plastic, which is then injected into the mold, where it cools and solidifies into the final part.

The insurance technology or insurtech is an increasing phenomenon that has revamped the insurance industry to connect with a wider customer base consisting of High Net Worth individuals (HNWI), upper middle-income group, and lower middleincome group. The insurtech platforms have the potential to help insurance companies to improve their relevancy to the customers to rebuild their trust. This will help in customer engagement. The insurance companies are designing new products to meet the changing customers’ needs, thereby establishing greater levels of transparency. Therefore, with the help of insurtech platforms, there can be proper management of data and risk, which would help in improving the underwriting accuracy and loss prediction.

Power modules consist of multiple discrete power semiconductor devices. Power module packages offer higher power density and are more reliable than discrete power semiconductors. Original equipment manufacturers will continue to demand modular power solutions, which can be integrated easily into different subsystems and used in many different devices, during the forecast period. Power modules are widely used in applications such as in inverters for wind converters, photovoltaic solar energy systems, and other renewable energy applications. They are also used in industrial motor drives and hybrid and electric vehicles (EVs).

Interactive response systems, also known as student response systems, audience response systems, and clickers, are a combined package of software and hardware. These systems integrate IT with everyday classroom activities to ensure consistent and seamless interactions during lecture sessions. Among all features, the ability to enable students to submit answers during the classroom quizzes and assignments is the key advantage of these systems.

Conventional air conditioner compressors can run at only one speed. Therefore, these compressors turn on and off at intervals to maintain the temperature inside an air conditioner. This results in high energy consumption. However, inverter technology air conditioner compressors can run at different speeds depending on the load required by the air conditioner. In inverter technology air conditioners, variable motor electronic speed drives modulate the power supplied to the motor as per load or set temperature (judged through additional circuitry), which further modulates the compressor's function. The flexible modulation thus achieved varies the speed of the compressor to provide the temperature that is required.

Lithotripter is a non-invasive device that helps in breaking the kidney stones by passing electromagnetic shock waves from outside the body. The device provides a nonsurgical method of destroying/pulverizing stones into small pieces that are capable enough to excrete naturally through individual's urine. Very few lithotripsies are performed through MI procedures that expose individuals to a lower concentration of anesthesia.