Argon belongs to the group of chemical elements that exhibit chemical inertness on account of their unique atomic structures. These elements are called the inert gases or noble gases. There are six naturally occurring noble gases — helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon. These gases are highly unreactive and are therefore widely used in non-reactive applications. Argon gas is extensively employed in electronics, imaging and lighting, metal fabrication and manufacturing, chemicals and food and beverages.

A power cable is an insulated strand of wires used to transmit electricity at variable voltage levels. Power cables are mainly used in submarine, overhead line, building, and underground wiring applications to carry electricity. They can be classified into four broad categories depending on their operating voltage applications — low voltage, medium voltage, high voltage, and extra high voltage.

The adoption of electric vehicles has increased considerably as they produce lower carbon emissions than fuel-powered vehicles. In addition, scarcity of fuel reserves has shifted the demand for the use of alternative energy sources, which in turn, propels the ships and boats market.

The global industrial anti-scaling chemicals market is driven by the increasing demand from key end-uses including the oil, gas, and mining and water and wastewater treatment industries. The rapid growth of these industries in leading regions such as APAC, Central and South America, and Africa will be a key contributing factor. The introduction of polymer-based products is transforming the consumption patterns that had been inclined toward phosphonate- and sulfonate-based products. The overall market revenue will grow at a CAGR of 4.42% compared to the growth of 3.54% in consumption, due to a shift in preference from economical to premium products.

According to WHO, around 17.5 million people died due to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) worldwide in 2012. As per the studies conducted by the American Heart Association (AHA) in 2014, deaths due to CVDs are likely to reach 24 million by 2030. CVDs include disorders associated with heart and blood vessels. Coronary heart disease is a condition in which sufficient amount of blood is not supplied to the heart due to blockage in blood vessels. Congenital heart disease is a type of CVD wherein the structure of the heart is abnormal by birth.

The continuous miniaturization of microchips along with the requirement for greater degree of functionalities points to the importance of 3D-based design framework across the semiconductor industry. Mobile devices like smartphones, tablets, and notebook or laptops with upgraded functionalities and increased performance are entering the market at regular intervals. The requirement for such enhanced functionalities has led to the inclusion of thousands of electronic components on a limited amount of space inside these devices. This would not have been possible without the use of advanced packaging technology used in semiconductor device manufacturing.

AR in vehicles is an advanced version of the existing HUD systems. It ensures that the pertinent information is situationally and sometimes interactively displayed in front of the driver. The information is displayed in a slightly distant field of vision as convenient — either on the windshield or another transparent screen placed nearby.

The chip mounting technology has progressed significantly over the last two decades in terms of a practical solution for achieving higher densities related to packaging systems. It started with the conventional through hole technology (THT), then resurfaced as surface mount technology (SMT) and fine pitch technology (FPT). Most manufacturers are using both SMT and THT to produce chips mounted on substrates. The dynamic semiconductor packaging technology has evolved with the help of THT (with component steers through 2.54 mm hole). Then comes SMT, which leads on 1.27 mm hole with minimal sized centers. The FPT leads on 0.63 mm as well as 0.50 mm centers. The component package mainly consists of a silicon-based die or integrated circuits chips, which got reduced to a large extent within the last two decades.

Securing data and assets has become a key concern for banks, government organizations, telecommunications firms, and hospitals, as well as for individuals. Keys, identity badges, and numeric keypads were widely used to prevent unauthorized access to data and locations. With technological advances, two-factor authentication was introduced, where individuals could gain access into secure premises only after they were authenticated twice by employing hardware devices and numeric codes. However, two-factor authentication has also become insecure as hackers were able to gain access to hardware devices and obtain numeric codes.

Industrial gases are a group of either elemental gases or chemical gases (inorganic or organic) that usually have a low molecular weight. These gases are used significantly for specified applications in various industries. Nitrogen, carbon dioxide, oxygen, argon, helium, hydrogen, ammonia, and acetylene are a few commonly used industrial gases.