Tissue banks are biorepositories for the preservation of human and animal tissues used for disease diagnosis, biodiversity studies, and research. These banks help in the storage of various types of tissue samples such as skin, bone, cornea, heart valves, umbilical cord, and human soft tissues. Tissue banks vary significantly in size, with tissue banks in medical institutions storing a moderate number of samples while national tissue banks store a large number of samples. These samples are used to support research, particularly studies in genetic disorders, personalized medicine, and stem cell research for treating genetic conditions and maintaining and updating age demographic databases.

The major drivers for the adoption of software licensing are piracy and malware. Software licensing acts as an agreement to solve these issues. It provides the rights to use packaged software or components of software. The use of a software without proper licensing would constitute an infringement of copyright laws. All enterprise applications are offered to end-users through licenses. Software licenses are of different types; some are based on the number of users that are allowed to use the program and others are based on the number of systems on which a program can be run.

UAVs are commonly referred to as drones or remotely piloted aircraft. These vehicles are either operated by remote control from the ground or by onboard computers. Conventional UAVs range from large-sized UAVs employed for tactical missions and powered by an internal combustion engine, to small electric-powered UAVs. However, new technologies have been entering the market over the last decade. Of late, photovoltaic cells, hydrogen fuel cells, and hybrid-electric propulsion engines are increasingly used to power these UAVs.

Nuclear medicine is a specialty branch of medical imaging that involves the use of modalities such as SPECT and PET scans. These technologies help detect and evaluate various disorders in the areas of oncology, cardiology, and neurology. Modalities for nuclear medicine involve the use of a minimal amount of radioisotopes that are either injected, swallowed, or inhaled by an individual. These radioisotopes reach the specific organ targeted by the pharmaceutical compound and emits radiations that can be detected using a scanner or a detector.

Meningitis (meningococcal diseases) is characterized by inflammation of the protective lining (meninges) present around the brain and spinal cord. It can be classified into infectious and non-infectious meningitis. Based on the types of organism, infectious meningitis is sub-divided into bacterial meningitis, viral meningitis, fungal meningitis, and parasitic meningitis. Bacterial meningitis occurs due to bacterial species such as hemophilus influenzae, listeria monocytogenes, neisseria meningitidis, and streptococcus pneumoniae. The infection can spread to the bloodstream, leading to septicemia. An infection by Neisseria meningitidis can result in meningococcal disease, which is associated with the simultaneous occurrence of meningitis and septicemia. Patients either recover or may suffer from long-term effects such as neurological defects. It is usually treated with antibiotics, and preventive measures involve the administration of vaccines.

Human-machine interaction has reduced the gap between the two and developed a more natural and intuitive interaction. Humans have come a long way from controlling machines through switches fitted on them to remote controls, and currently, through smartphones. In the future, it will be through natural gestures. Gesture control is by far the most natural form of controlling a device.

The global SSL and fluorescent lighting market includes lighting applications for residential, commercial, outdoor, industrial, and architectural purposes. The commercial and residential segments are the major drivers of the market. Fluorescent lights are categorized into LFLs and compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), and SSLs are categorized into LEDs and organic LEDs (OLEDs).

Medical lasers use focused light sources with precision to treat tissue. A laser light has a specific wavelength in a narrow beam, creating a high-intensity light. The use of lasers in the healthcare sector has proved to be a boon for both the semiconductor and medical industries. Lasers are used in medical treatment areas such as cosmetic dermatology for skin resurfacing, scar revision, tattoo removal, and laser hair removal; lithotripsy; ophthalmology; cancer treatment; dermatology; and general surgery for tissues.

SDN is an evolving network architecture in which the network control and the forwarding plane are decoupled and can be programmed directly. This transfer of control from specific network devices to manageable computing devices simplifies the management of network infrastructure in an enterprise environment. SDN provides control to enterprise business operations through a single logical point, simplifying network design and operation. In addition, this architecture streamlines operational functions of network infrastructure through instructions from SDN controllers.