12 月违约虽少，但量级较大。12 月新增违约主体数量环比同比均下降，但新增违约中包含著名“校企”北大方正和首例城投债违约主体呼和经开，因此12 月债券违约对市场的影响仍然较大。隐性债务处置政策有喜有忧，未来不排除出现新的风险点。

随着信用债违约的常态化，债券违约的后续求偿也成为了投资者乃至监管机构的关注焦点。国内债券违约后的求偿并没有统一的处理模式或流程，大致可以根据债务人债权人是否协商一致分为自主协商和司法程序两类，而破产重整则是进入司法程序后常见的一种求偿方式。本文聚焦破产重整，重点关注债券发行人破产重整的情况。

专项债券余额与预算安排均越来越接近一般债安排，预计后续发行额度将与一般债拉开差距。专项债发行利率2019 年下降明显，发行期限明显拉长。

总览：债券总托管量环比增长。12 月中债登、上清所债券托管量合计87.33 万亿，环增1.1 万亿。中债登债券托管量为64.98 万亿，环增7756.29 亿，增量主要来自国债及政金债；上清所债券托管量为22.35万亿，环3224.24 亿，增量主要来自同业存单。

The South Africa fast food market is analyzed based on its prospect and future growth rate. The report highlights numerous factors that influence the growth of the South Africa fast food market. These include market forecast, drivers, restraints, opportunities, and role of different key players operating in the market. The report is analyzed by South Africa fast food market, which include the segments such as product type, age group, and distribution channel.

The Market for customs brokerage in United States has been growing steadily and the growth is expected to continue through the forecast period. The number of entries processed by US CBP has increased steadily over the years. In 2018, the volume of entries has increased by around 6% due to surge in imports. However, there is a decline in 2016 due to a decrease in imports.  In 2018, USD 2.65 trillion of imports were processed, equating to 35.1 million entries and more than 29.7 million imported cargo containers at the US ports of entry. The imported cargo containers increased approximately 4.2% when compared to 2017, continuing nearly a decade of steady year-on-year growth supported by economic growth. The continuously changing trade environment and increasing complexity of compliance are driving the demand for customs brokerage services. Also, the growth in imports driven by free trade agreements and trade facilitation are also contributing to the growth of the market.

Multivendor ATM software provides end user one software interface across multiple platforms which simplifies the back-end of their ATM system. Multivendor ATM software enables financial institutions to buy the specific ATM model needed for a certain function at a particular location and to choose hardware from any ATM supplier. Moreover, multivendor ATM software provides easy software updates as there is only a single application for all ATMs, instead of different applications for each ATM vendor. Also, banks can add and deploy new features faster to enhance their competitive position and meet new customer requirements. The software provides ATM deployers with significant competitive advantages including complete freedom in the creation of new transaction workflows, an automated end-to-end testing capability, faster time to market, and powerful scripted transaction switching, which enriches transaction workflows and renews legacy infrastructure investments.

Asia-Pacific is one of the fastest growing regions, in terms of adoption of digitization. Countries like China, Japan, India, and Vietnam have embraced the latest trends in technology. E-commerce is one such major market trend that has allowed the growth of online shopping in the Asia-Pacific region. With the presence of players like Flipkart, Shopee, Rakuten, and Lazada in Vietnam, the e-commerce market flourished. Vietnam shows strong potential in the e-commerce space, due of its economics and manufacturing history. Vietnam has lots of experience with manufacturing and exporting. Vietnam's e-commerce growth can be attributed to two major factors, high internet penetration and an expanding workforce. In 2017, there were 53.86 million internet users in Vietnam, and which is expected to reach nearly 60 million in the next four years.

Tourism in Turkey, formerly being a major source of income for its food and beverage service sector, experienced considerable fluctuations in recent years. However, the industry has taken upswing in 2017 and is now speculated to serve as a major factor driving foodservice market in the country. As per the data sourced by Culture and Tourism Ministry of Republic of Turkey, the tourism sector in the country greeted 13.5 million foreign visitors in 2018 which further got boosted by 13.2% on a yearly basis in first quarter of 2019. The reviving sector is estimated to tip 140,000 food outlets present across the country, primarily uplifting the market of Istanbul and Antalya owing to the large number of tourists (Istanbul and Antalya respectively held 37.5% and 29.56% of the total number of tourists visiting the country) and the higher number of millennial residents. Majorly comprised of European and Asian population, visitors are constantly seeking to experiment with their taste buds, thus sustaining local and foreign cuisines and fostering the foodservice sector in the country.