Clean coal refers to the process of reducing carbon emissions and other harmful pollutants that arise from the burning of coal for power generation to the minimum possible level. SC, USC, and IGCC technologies are clean coal technologies that are widely used for setting up new-build coal-fired power plants. The more sophisticated the technology, the higher the steam pressure and temperature requirement is for operating the plant. As a result, the thermal efficiencies improve with the usage of more sophisticated technology. As well as these three technologies, CCS is also an upcoming technology, which is capable of reducing carbon emissions drastically by 80-90 percent. This technology is used in conjunction with SC, USC or IGCC plants.

关键词：清洁煤；减少；碳排放；源于；燃煤发电

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Power system computation software tools are traditionally designed as serial codes and optimized for single-processor computers. They are becoming inadequate in terms of computational efficiency for the ever increasing complexity of the power grid. The power grid has served us remarkably well but is likely to see more changes over the next decade than it has seen over the past century. In particular, the widespread deployment of renewable generation, smart-grid controls, energy storage, plug-in hybrids, and other emerging technologies will require fundamental changes in the operational concepts and principal components of the grid. The grid is in an unprecedented transition that poses significant challenges in power grid operation. Central to this transition, power system computation needs to evolve accordingly to provide fast results for power grid management. On the other hand, power system computation should and has to take advantage of ubiquitous parallel computers. To bring HPC to power grid applications is not simply putting more computing units against the problem. It requires careful design and coding to match an application with computing hardware. Sometimes, alternative or new algorithms need to be used to maximize the benefit of HPC. This chapter demonstrates the benefits of HPC for power grid applications with several examples such as state estimation, contingency analysis, and dynamic simulation. These examples represent the major categories of power grid applications. Each of the applications has its own problem structure and data dependency requirements. The approach to apply HPC to these problems has different challenges. The HPC-enhanced state estimation, contingency analysis, and dynamic simulation presented in this chapter are suitable for today's power grid operation.

关键词：电力系统；智能电网；动态仿真；HPC电网

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关键词：煤化工；高投入；收益；发展

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This report describes a component-based cost model developed for molten-salt power tower solar power plants. The cost model was developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), using data from several prior studies, including a contracted analysis from WorleyParsons Group, which is included herein as an Appendix. The WorleyParsons analysis also estimated material composition and mass for the plant to facilitate a life cycle analysis of the molten salt power tower technology. Details of the life cycle assessment have been published elsewhere. The cost model provides a reference plant that interfaces with NREL's System Advisor Model or SAM. The reference plant assumes a nominal 100-MWe (net) power tower running with a nitrate salt heat transfer fluid (HTF). Thermal energy storage is provided by direct storage of the HTF in a 2-tank system. The design assumes dry-cooling. The model includes a spreadsheet that interfaces with SAM via the Excel Exchange option in SAM. The spreadsheet allows users to estimate the costs of different-size plants and to take into account changes in commodity prices.

关键词：太阳能发电厂；能源储存系统；传热流体；热分析

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Power system simulations involving solution of thousands of stiff differential and algebraic equations (DAE) are extremely computationally intensive and yet crucial for grid security and reliability. Online simulation of minutes to hours for a large number of contingencies requires computational efficiency several orders of magnitude greater than what is todays state-of-the-art. We have developed an optimized simulator for single contingency analysis using efficient numerical algorithms implementation for solving DAE, and scaled it up for large-scale con-tingency analysis using MPI. A prototype parallel high speed extended term simu-lator (HSET) on in-house high performance computing (HPC) resources at Iowa State University (ISU) (namely Cystorm Supercomputer) is being developed. Since the simulation times across contingencies vary considerably, we have focused our efforts towards development of efficient scheduling algorithms through work stealing for maximal resource utilization and minimum overhead to perform faster than real time analysis. This chapter introduces a novel implementation of dynamic load balancing algorithm for dynamic contingency analysis. Results indicate potential for significant improvements over the state-of-the-art methods especially master-slave based load balancing typically used in power system community. Simulations of thousands of contingencies on a large real system were conducted and computational savings and scalability results are reported.

关键词：电力系统；在线仿真；动态应变分析

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Systems descriptions, costs, technical and market readiness assessments are reported for ten solar technologies: solar heating and cooling of buildings (SHACOB), passive, agricultural and industrial process heat (A/IPH), biomass, ocean thermal (OTEC), wind (WECS), solar thermal electric, photovoltaics, satellite power station (SPS), and solar total energy systems (STES). Study objectives, scope, and methods are presented. The cost and market analyses portion of Joint Task 5213/6103 will be used to make commercialization assessments in the conclusions of the final report.

关键词：太阳能；光伏电源；太阳能制冷系统；太阳能采暖系统

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关键词：太阳能；换热器；槽式太阳能集热器；性能；采购

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Delivering electrical power to remote military bases can be an expensive and dangerous task. The idea of delivering renewable power to remote military bases through space-based solar power has existed for many years, but has not yet materialized. This research sought to examine existing studies and leverage their findings to determine a systems architecture and subsequent design alternatives that could deliver space-based solar power to a military base in Afghanistan. Three design alternatives were created and were based on the defined systems architecture. The system attributes vary by design alternative, to include transmitter size, rectenna size, power transmitted, mass of components, and number of launches required. The design attributes were weighted accordingly to stakeholder objectives. In turn, the entire design alternative was given a Measure of Effectiveness score. This score was used to determine the most effective design alternative among the designs presented in this research. The result is one of the three designs conclusively meets stakeholder requirements and is more effective than the others, yet further research should be done to improve the design and address other concerns, such as the extremely high cost of the system and the potential environmental and safety issues of the high-power microwave beam.

关键词：电力；太阳能卫星；军事设施；遥控系统；太阳能

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A power quality analysis method based on electromechanical-electromagnetic hybrid simulation is proposed.The hybrid simulation for power quality analysis can not only enhance the simulation accuracy,and can realize power quality simulation of large scale power system.Then power quality simulation and assessment system is developed based on ADPSS.The system provides plenty of power quality models and achieves power quality simulation based on electromechanical-electromagnetic hybrid simulation.It will provide guidance and reference for power quality study.The hybrid simulation model of an actual large scale power system is built and voltage sag problems caused by short circuit tests are simulated based on the developed system.Simulation result shows the practicality and effectiveness of power quality simulation and assessment system.

关键词：电力系统；电能质量；仿真与评估系统；混合仿真

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关键词：电力系统；谐波检测；D-q变换；基本检测

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