Wireline refers to a cabling technology used by oil and gas well operators to lower measurement equipment or devices into the well for well intervention, reservoir evaluation, and pipe recovery.

关键词：电缆；石油；天然气；井运营；布线技术；设备；装置入井；修井

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本报告从能源行业事件分析；竞争环境、竞争对手、行业数据等几个方面进行了分析评论。

关键词：行业事件分析；竞争环境；竞争对手；行业数据

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关键词：核电站；安全问题；时间检验

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In support of the national goals for biofuel use in the United States, numerous technologies have been developed that convert biomass to biofuels. Some of these biomass to biofuel conversion technology pathways are operating at commercial scales, while others are in earlier stages of development. The advancement of a new pathway toward commercialization involves various types of progress, including yield improvements, process engineering, and financial performance. Actions of private investors and public programs can accelerate the demonstration and deployment of new conversion technology pathways. These investors (both private and public) will pursue a range of pilot, demonstration, and pioneer scale biorefinery investments; the most cost-effective set of investments for advancing the maturity of any given biomass to biofuel conversion technology pathway is unknown. In some cases, whether or not the pathway itself will ultimately be technically and financially successful is also unknown. This report presents results from the Biomass Scenario Model -- a system dynamics model of the biomass to biofuels system -- that estimate effects of investments in biorefineries at different maturity levels and operational scales. The report discusses challenges in estimating effects of such investments and explores the interaction between this deployment investment and a volumetric production incentive. Model results show that investments in demonstration and deployment have a substantial positive effect on the development of the biofuels industry.

关键词：生物燃料;生物量;成本效率;部署;燃料转换过程;投资;过程工程;生产;技术评估

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The upper operating temperature of tubes in heat exchangers/steam generators is strongly influenced by the degradation that can occur because of the reaction of the exchanger/generator tubing with the deposits that accumulate on the surface of the tubes. In fact, severe corrosion has been observed in some biomass fired systems, particularly with elevated potassium and chlorine concentrations in the deposits. Wood gasifiers have recently been and are currently being constructed at several sites in North America. In these systems, the syngas is burned to produce steam and the performance of the heat exchanger tubes under ash deposits is of great concern. As temperatures of the heat exchangers are increased in an effort to increase their operating efficiency, the performance of the tubes is of greater interest. The corrosion behavior of alloy steel tubes as a function of temperature has been investigated by exposing samples of selected alloys to ash collected from the steam generator fired by syngas produced in wood gasifiers. This study compares corrosion rates from laboratory exposures of synthesis gas and ash at 500 degrees C and 600 degrees C.

关键词：腐蚀,锅炉管;木材;气化灰;合金;生物量;换热器;蒸汽发生器;合成气

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This report documents and compares the results of detailed analyses of the physical and chemical properties of ten advanced alternative and renewable diesel fuels and four commercial ultra low sulfur diesels (ULSDs). A key objective of this study conducted by the AVFL-19 Working Group of the Coordinating Research Council (CRC) Advanced Vehicle/Fuel/Lubricants Committee was to identify the similarities and differences of these emerging advanced alternative and renewable fuels compared to conventional petroleum derived ULSDs. The four advanced alternative fuels consisted of samples derived from gas-to-liquids (GTL), shale oils, and oil sands. The six renewable fuels were derived from biomass sources including plant, animal, and algal lipids and cellulosic materials. For all of these renewable fuels, none of the oxygen atoms inherent in the starting feedstock were detected, suggesting that they have been hydroprocessed. The four ULSDs were produced at different refineries in the US.

关键词：柴油燃料;生物量;化学性质;油砂;石油页岩;石油;物理性能;可再生能源;硫磺;替代燃料

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In this chapter, we review the physiology of switchgrass from seed dormancy till the effects of water and nutrie nts stress on grown plants. These characteristics are presented and discussed mainly at the canopy and whole-plan! level with emphasis on the agro-physiology of the speci es in view of the possible contribution of crop physiology to agricultural de velopment . Swilchgrass is noted for the variable degrees of seed donnancy regulated by endogenous and exogenous factors that determine the successful seedli ng estab lishment. Plant growth rates are determined by temperature while the reproductive phase is controlled mainly by pbotoperiod. There is also evidence that some physiological attlibutes, such as photosynlhesis, transpi ration, and waler use efficiency differ between letraploid, hexaploid, and octoploid ecotypes. But despite these ditTerences, in general switchgrass combines important attributes of efficient use of nu trients and water with high yields thanks to its ability to acqu ire resources from extended soil volumes, especially at deep layers. Moreover al canopy level , resou rcescapture and conservation are determined by morpho-physiological characteristics (C4 photosynthetic pathway, stomatal control of tran 'piration, high leaf area index, low light extinction coefficient) that enhance radiation use efficiency and reduce carbon losses. However, specific information on switchgrass physiology is still missing, in particular deeper understanding of physiological principles controlling the water and nutrients acquisition mechanisms and allocation under suboptimal growing conditions. The physiology of tillering and root respiration are also factors that need further investigation.

关键词：农作物;生理学;二氧化碳;营养;光周期;光合作用;植物生长;辐射;呼吸;幼苗;种子;土壤;物种多样性;柳枝稷;蒸腾;水使用

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This procedure guides the integration of laboratory analytical procedures to measure algal biomass constituents in an unambiguous manner and ultimately achieve mass balance closure for algal biomass samples. Many of these methods build on years of research in algal biomass analysis.

关键词：藻类;分析方法;生物量;关闭实验室;质量平衡;研究方法;样本

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This planet has been endowed with a host of natural mechanisms to keep the environment and climate in balance. Humans are now facing the need to restore this balance that has been upset in the past years because of a growing population and resource demands. To steer dependency away from freshwater crops and decrease environmental damage from humanity s fuel and energy demands, it is necessary to take advantage of the natural adaptive biomass resources that are already in place. Using methods of "Green Planet Architecture," based on compilations of current research and procedures, could lead to new forms of energy and fueling as well as new sources for food and feed. Green Planet Architecture involves climatic adaptive biomass; geospatial intelligence; agri- and aqua-culture life cycles; and soil, wetland, and shoreline restoration. Plants such as Salicornia, seashore mallow, castor, mangroves, and perhaps Moringa can be modified (naturally, model-assisted, or genetically) to thrive in salt water and brackish water or otherwise not arable conditions, making them potentially new crops that will not displace traditional farming. These fueling sources also have potential to be used in other rapid-growth industries, such as the aviation industry, that have incentive to move towards more sustainable fuel supplies. This report highlights an example of how synergistic development of biomass resources and geospatial intelligence high-performance computing capabilities can be focused to resolve potential drought-famine problems. These techniques provide a basis for future e-science-based discovery (and access) through technology that can be expanded to support global societal applications.

关键词：生物质,地球资源;生态系统;农作物;智能;加油;可再生能源,水资源

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报告从主要发电企业集团动态、电力产业环境、国内电网动态、电力设备行业信息、港台电力行业信息、国际动态等几个方面进行了分析评论。

关键词：电力；集团动态；产业环境；电网动态；行业信息；国际动态

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