This procedure guides the integration of laboratory analytical procedures to measure algal biomass constituents in an unambiguous manner and ultimately achieve mass balance closure for algal biomass samples. Many of these methods build on years of research in algal biomass analysis.

关键词：藻类;分析方法;生物量;关闭实验室;质量平衡;研究方法;样本

查看摘要 索取原文[14页]

This planet has been endowed with a host of natural mechanisms to keep the environment and climate in balance. Humans are now facing the need to restore this balance that has been upset in the past years because of a growing population and resource demands. To steer dependency away from freshwater crops and decrease environmental damage from humanity s fuel and energy demands, it is necessary to take advantage of the natural adaptive biomass resources that are already in place. Using methods of "Green Planet Architecture," based on compilations of current research and procedures, could lead to new forms of energy and fueling as well as new sources for food and feed. Green Planet Architecture involves climatic adaptive biomass; geospatial intelligence; agri- and aqua-culture life cycles; and soil, wetland, and shoreline restoration. Plants such as Salicornia, seashore mallow, castor, mangroves, and perhaps Moringa can be modified (naturally, model-assisted, or genetically) to thrive in salt water and brackish water or otherwise not arable conditions, making them potentially new crops that will not displace traditional farming. These fueling sources also have potential to be used in other rapid-growth industries, such as the aviation industry, that have incentive to move towards more sustainable fuel supplies. This report highlights an example of how synergistic development of biomass resources and geospatial intelligence high-performance computing capabilities can be focused to resolve potential drought-famine problems. These techniques provide a basis for future e-science-based discovery (and access) through technology that can be expanded to support global societal applications.

关键词：生物质,地球资源;生态系统;农作物;智能;加油;可再生能源,水资源

查看摘要 索取原文[16页]

报告从主要发电企业集团动态、电力产业环境、国内电网动态、电力设备行业信息、港台电力行业信息、国际动态等几个方面进行了分析评论。

关键词：电力；集团动态；产业环境；电网动态；行业信息；国际动态

查看摘要 索取原文[78页]

日本的国内自产能源有限，需要依赖国外进口大量的原油、煤及天然气，而2011年福岛核灾后其电力产生缺口，面临核电存续问题，日本政府对能源政策进行了全面性及系统性探讨。

关键词：日本；能源政策；借鉴

查看摘要 索取原文[7页]

This report covers the present scenario and the growth prospects of the Global Emerging Battery Technologies market for the period 2014-2018. It also provides the geographic segmentation of the Global Emerging Battery Technologies market covering the APAC region, the EMEA region,and the Americas. To calculate the market size, the report considers the revenue generated from global sales of emerging battery technologyy products.

关键词：新兴电池技术；锂离子；铅-酸 技术

查看摘要 索取原文[66页]

在20世纪70年代早期，欧洲本土天然气生产可以满足大部分地区天然气需求，自2000年欧洲本土天然气产量下降，只能满足需求的57%左右。除了挪威，欧洲大部分产量都有所下降，尽管从目前来看对天然气的需求增长缓慢，但是预计到2030年，欧洲会越来越依赖天然气进口。

关键词：欧洲；本土天然气；供应现状；趋势

查看摘要 索取原文[5页]

Combustion of biomass has been used by industry to produce steam and power for many years, but new technologies are being introduced to better recover the energy from biomass as well as to produce a synthetic gas (syngas) that can be used as a starting point in the production of automotive and diesel fuels as well as higher value chemicals. It is of significance that operating temperatures in combustion and gasification systems are often restricted by materials limitations resulting from the degradation of materials in the highest temperature areas. For systems recovering heat and/or generating steam, operating limits are often imposed by degradation of the superheater tubes that recover heat from the combustion gases at the highest temperatures. The steam temperature of biomass fueled boilers is limited by high temperature corrosion of superheater alloys in the ash deposit/flue gas environment. During visits with European researchers and boiler manufacturers and operators, it was learned that advanced European biomass boilers combine design modifications, process changes and corrosion resistant alloys to achieve substantially higher steam temperatures and efficiencies than U.S. biomass boilers. Design modifications to reduce superheater corrosion include adding an empty pass between the furnace and the superheater, installing cool tubes to trap low melting temperature chlorine deposits ahead of the superheater, heating the final superheater in the recirculated fluidizing medium of a circulating fluidized bed boiler, operating with a slagging superheater, designing superheaters for quick replacement, raising the superheater temperature above the dew point of the most corrosive deposits and installing an external superheater fired by a less-corrosive fuel. Process changes include diluting corrosive biomaterials with less-corrosive fuels, adding high sulfur fuels to convert alkali chlorides to lower melting temperature sulfates before they reach the superheater, washing chlorides out of agricultural residues and adding chemicals that convert alkali chlorides to aluminosilicates.

关键词：生物质能;锅炉;燃烧;耐蚀性;设计;流化床燃烧器;燃料

查看摘要 索取原文[112页]

Miniature solar PV systems, including pico solar sytems and SHS, are transitioning from specialized niches to the mainstream. These systems provide clean and safe energy by replacing conventional fuel-based methods. Demand for solar PV consumer products is increasing across various industries and applications, especially in the BOP market where consumers benefit from low-cost, better quality, environmentally clean, and brighter products. In addition, it helps in eroding the upfront cost advantage that kerosene has today.

关键词：小型太阳能；光伏发电系统

查看摘要 索取原文[62页]

In support of the Bioenergy Technologies Office, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) are undertaking studies of biomass conversion technologies to hydrocarbon fuels to identify barriers and target research toward reducing conversion costs. Process designs and preliminary economic estimates for each of these pathway cases were developed using rigorous modeling tools (Aspen Plus and Chemcad). These analyses incorporated the best information available at the time of development, including data from recent pilot- and bench-scale demonstrations, collaborative industrial and academic partners, and published literature and patents. The economic results of these analyses are in the process of further refinement and will be published in FY13 and FY14 design reports. This report summarizes the preliminary technical data used for the models and identified data gaps. This technology pathway case investigates the feasibility of using whole wet microalgae as a feedstock for conversion via hydrothermal liquefaction. Technical barriers and key research needs have been assessed in order for the hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae to be competitive with petroleum-derived gasoline-, diesel-, and jet-range hydrocarbon blendstocks.

关键词：藻类;热液系统;液化;生物质转化植物;成本;柴油燃料

查看摘要 索取原文[10页]

The viability of biomass as transportation fuel depends upon the allocation of limited resources for fuel, power, and products. By focusing on mature markets, this report identifies how biomass is projected to be most economically used in the long term and the implications for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and petroleum use. In order to better understand competition for biomass between these markets and the potential for biofuel as a market-scale alternative to petroleum-based fuels, this report presents results of a micro-economic analysis conducted using the Biomass Allocation and Supply Equilibrium (BASE) modeling tool. The findings indicate that biofuels can outcompete biopower for feedstocks in mature markets if research and development targets are met. The BASE tool was developed for this project to analyze the impact of multiple biomass demand areas on mature energy markets. The model includes domestic supply curves for lignocellulosic biomass resources, corn for ethanol and butanol production, soybeans for biodiesel, and algae for diesel. This is one of a series of reports produced as a result of the Transportation Energy Futures (TEF) project, a Department of Energy-sponsored multi-agency project initiated to pinpoint underexplored strategies for abating GHGs and reducing petroleum dependence related to transportation.

关键词：生物质燃料;运输;替代燃料;经济分析;能源需求;排放;燃料消耗,温室效应;市场;石油;研究与开发

查看摘要 索取原文[174页]