The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is responsible to ensure that the public health and safety ae not compromised through the products that are intended for human and animal consumption. Hence, FDA laid regulations for maintaining the safety of instruments in calibration services.  The FDA has a code of regulations for medical device calibration requirements, which are stated in part 820 of its Quality System Regulation (QSR), Section 72. Title 21 of Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) part 820.72. This deals with inspection, measuring, and test equipment.  The regulation requirements of FDA for medical device calibration are not for specific measures. The regulations have been designed to ensure that the inspection, measuring, and the test equipment satisfy the intended use and quality requirements. The regulations act as guidelines for the manufacturers and distributors of medical equipment and devices, as they define the procedures, accuracy standards, and frequency of calibration that must be followed for calibrated equipment.

Manufacturing represents sophisticated cooperation among different departments of business, such as procurement, engineering, and quality control. As the globalization has been a common phenomenon, effective management of cross-functioning teams becomes a major challenge for most businesses. Manufacturing execution systems (MES) are made for improving manufacturing accuracy and efficiency. These are process-oriented production management systems that are used for the real-time execution of production plans as well as for getting feedback from the processes. They are generally connected to numerous systems at the process automation level. These comprise traditional data collection and all other procedures that have a real-time effect on the process of production. Manufacturing execution systems is a total solution including software and services to enhance factory automation efficiency. The systems provide complete service on automation of the manufacturing system and procurement system. To satisfy customers’ needs, manufacturers are dedicated to offering high-quality products at affordable prices with in time delivery. Thus, enhancing production quality and efficiency is a critical challenge faced by the manufacturers. The manufacturing process starts with material procurement. When all the materials arrive in the warehouse, the assembly process begins. After the device is assembled and passed through the quality control process, all the qualified goods will move to the packing area. Finally, these goods would be shipped out based on the order details. The accuracy of cost estimation, quality record and analysis, progress control of orders, etc., are the major parameters considered to enhance manufacturing efficiency.

The industry landscape chapter gives a brief knowledge about the various product developments, partnerships, mergers & acquisitions, and collaboration strategies implemented by the companies operating in the application modernization tools market.Market initiative strategy is adopted by the companies to expand their footprints across the world to meet the growing demand of customers. The players operating in the application modernization tools market are focusing on products enhancements by integration of advanced technologies.

疫情影响下，复工后全民开启“在线云”办公模式。各地政府和企业也鼓励近期以弹性办公等方式复工，如北京经济技术开发区管理委员会副主任陈小男表示，鼓励中小企业创新生产经营模式，以弹性办公、网络云办公等方式减轻疫情对生产经营的影响，支持中小企业稳定发展。

我们认为：短期看，用户在线访问带来对底层云计算设施需求的大幅增长，阿里、腾讯等云计算服务商近期均迅速加大了云计算资源的投放；中长期来看，2020 年是国内5G 规模商用元年，未来几年将是新一轮流量高增长的时期。我们认为流量侧短期和长期需求共振，相关产业链公司迎来投资机遇。