Sound navigation and ranging or Sonar is used for exploring, detecting, and mapping the ocean, since, sound waves travel farther in the water and experience less attenuation than radio frequency and optical signals. Sonar systems record the sound waves using hydrophones and process the signals to detect, locate, and classify different objects. The sonar system can be classified into two types - active and passive. Active sonar systems emit acoustic signals into the water and if an object is in the path of the sound pulse, the reflected signal returns an “echo” to the sonar transducer. Based on the time between the emission and reception of the acoustic pulse, the range and orientation of the object can be determined. Passive sonar systems are used to detect noise from marine objects without emitting its signal. This system is highly advantageous for military vessels that do not want to reveal its location to enemy military vessels in the water. Multiple passive sonar devices are used for the triangulation of a sound source. Sonar systems are widely being used for hydrography, oil exploration, fishing, and nautical charting activities.

Smart learning includes new educational contexts, which focus on students’ use of technologies It not only depends on the hardware and software available, but also on how they are articulated in the online training or in conjunction with the technological ecosystem present in the region. The learning trend encompasses a broad range of activities, tools, and services, which are aiming to improve educational outcomes of students and employees directly. The smart learning sector is most likely to be benefited from the rising interest in distance learning, as well as the expanded use of these services on smartphones, tablets, other mobile devices, and wearable technologies These factors open up several possible growing paths for industries engaged in smart learning and services. Schools and training centers are moving from the traditional blackboard approach to integrating smart technology into learning environments At the university level, institutions are adopting innovative methods, such as smart learning, to provide alternative pathways and opportunities for students to develop relevant and valuable skills in line with industry requirements. Smart classrooms at colleges and universities are also transforming the way education is being taught and conducted Smart classrooms are technologically advanced, which enables teaching and learning opportunities like never before By placing a digital learning technology, equipped with specialized software, assistive listening devices, and audio/visual capabilities in the classroom, infinite methods of teaching and learning are growing together as a unit

Virtualization can be described as an abstraction layer that disrupts the standard paradigm of traditional computer architecture. It decouples the operating system from the physical hardware platform and applications. As a result of the adoption of virtualization solutions, IT organizations are able to achieve efficient IT resource utilization and flexibility. Virtualization allows the use of multiple virtual machines, often with heterogeneous operating systems, to run in isolation, side-by-side, on the same physical machine. The market studied is expected to benefit from the shift that the organizations are making to reduce energy consumption, improve hardware efficiency, and boost sustainability with the help of virtualization. The software enables the virtualization, which reduces the organizational cost for physical devices, to run applications in a virtually created environment. Thus, this helps in reducing the time to market a solution. Virtualization software allows mobile access to various applications, files, and services across platforms. The growing trend of infrastructure-as-a-service can be possible only through the use of virtualization software. Return on investment (ROI) is a critical factor in the adoption of the virtualization.

截至8 月28 日，沪深300 指数2020 年涨幅18.25%，中证TMT 指数同期涨幅26.22%。其中，传媒、计算机、通信行业涨幅分别为31.06%、29.66%、 9.94%，在28 个一级行业中分别位居第9、10、19 位。最近一年，沪深300 指数涨幅24.10%，中证TMT指数涨幅为45.38%，相对涨幅为21.28%。TMT 行业总体表现优于市场计算机行业PE 为72.25 倍，高于同期历史均值正一倍标准差64.99 倍，PB 为5.98 倍，低于同期历史均值正一倍标准差7.48 倍，计算机行业处于估值高位区；传媒行业PE 为38.67 倍，低于同期历史均值50.18 倍，PB 为3.68 倍，高于同期历史均值负一倍标准差2.58 倍，行业估值较低；通信行业PE 为41.81 倍，低于同期历史均值正一倍标准差56.14 倍，PB 为3.13 倍，略低于同期历史均值3.48 倍，行业估值适中。总体上，中证TMT 行业整体企业估值倍数（EV/EBITDA）为19.76 倍，超过历史平均值正一倍标准差16.77 倍，处于估值高位区。

近年来美方多次挑起针对我国科技企业的贸易争端，既在情理之外，也 在意料之中。加紧在高新技术上的技术突破与科技创新，加速实现国产替代， 推进自主可控进程，免去被“卡脖子”的威胁，将会是未来科技产业的主旋 律。否则将来可能会有更多的公司因为技术封锁导致经营活动无法进行，中 国的经济发展将面临重重困难。

美东时间 8 月 27 日，小鹏汽车（股票代码为 XPEV）成功在纽交所上 市，发行价 15 美元/股，按照发行价计算，小鹏汽车的市值达到 108 亿 美元，约合人民币 743 亿元，预计发行将于 8 月 31 日交割。本次 IPO 募集总额约为 15 亿美元，超出招股书预计的 12.71 亿美元。此次 IPO 所得融资将用于研发和扩大销售渠道，以及包括营运资金需求的一般 公司用途。

8 月 24 日至 8 月 28 日，沪深 300 指数上涨 2.66%，计算机行业上涨 2.36%， 行业跑输大盘 0.3 个百分点，其中计算机设备板块上涨 0.13 %，计算机应用 板块上涨 2.75%。

年初以来，计算机板块涨幅 31.97%，行业排名第九。本周创业板从 2632.45 点上涨至 2757.84 点，涨幅 4.76%。计算 机行业 1.61%，行业排名第 9，弱于创业板，强于上证综指（上涨 0.68%）。行业估值中位数法下 PE(ttm)为 65。