Caustic soda, also known as sodium hydroxide, is an odorless, highly corrosive, nonflammable white solid. It is generally produced as flakes or shiny pellets that create a slippery solution because it is highly water￾soluble. A 50% concentration of caustic soda is slightly viscous in nature. It is widely used as a general￾purpose industrial as well as commercial chemical in several process industries.

Fabric conditioners are cationic surfactants that contain fragrances (natural/artificial), coloring agents, and preservatives such as bronopol, formaldehyde, and chloride. They make the clothes soft and give long-lasting fragrance to garments. Fabric conditioners also make the cloth less static, easy to iron and maintain the shape of the garment for longer. Economic development is contributing to greater purchasing power and awareness about fabric conditioners in developing regions. The growing level of urbanization and the introduction of new products and technologies are some other factors driving the market.

Packaging resins are plastic materials used in the production of packaging solutions, offering durability, flexibility, and protection for various products. Common types include polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which are widely used in industries such as food and beverages, healthcare, and consumer goods. These resins provide moisture resistance, strength, and lightweight properties, making them essential for both rigid and flexible packaging applications.

Lithium carbonate is a lithium salt of carbonate consisting of lithium, carbon, and oxygen elements. Lithium carbonate is a white, crystalline powder that is commonly used in industrial applications, with its primary significance in the field of energy storage, particularly in the production of lithium-ion batteries.

A K-12 makerspace is a place in K-12 schools that allow students to create, tinker, invent, discover, and explore new ideas using a varied range of materials. These materials are referred to as K-12 makerspace materials. Some of these materials are 3D printers, computers, cameras, electronic tools, building materials, and art and craft supplies.

基础化工行业：长风已来，借风之势，乘风而起－深度报告

基础化工行业：关注三季报超预期板块，电子气体存储景气度高

随着数算中心规模、功率不断提升，高效冷却技术快速发展，液冷主要解决高能耗、高发热难题。据《智算中心液冷产业全景研究报告》，2024年我国算力中心总耗电量达1660亿kWh，占全社会总用电量的1.68%。2020年国家工信部公布《全国数据中心应用发展指引（2020）》，全国在用超大型数据中心平均PUE达1.46，大型数据中心平均PUE为1.55；2023年4月，财政部、生态环境部、工信部联合印发《绿色数据中心政府采购需求标准（试行）》中提出，2023年6月起，数据中心电能比不高于1.4,2025年起数据中心电能比不高于1.3；数据中心大量能耗主要为热能，降低PUE可由液冷技术驱动。此外，根据实验数据，当芯片功率超过300W时，传统风冷系统散热能力便已失效，芯片热失控风险急剧升高。液冷技术利用液体比热容高于空气的优势，实现对芯片精准散热。

农药长期刚需成长，当下景气周期已至。农药是保障全球粮食安全的刚需品，需求中枢随人口和粮油价格增长而持续提升，据中商情报网和 kingsresearch 数据，2017 年至 2023 年全球农药市场规模年均复合增速约在 4.2%，农药需求长期跟随世界人口增长趋势。但在任一特定的时点上，农药的周期性影响都非常明显。在 2025 年 8 月底我们外发的《农药行业深度研究报告系列一：行业景气周期已至——结构性行情转向全面周期向上》一文中，已经详细阐述了过 去 20 年 4 轮周期的变动规律，结合近期一些突变需求数据和供给端政策等信号，我们认为当下正处于新一轮上行周期的起点。

钾肥高景气中期有望持续。在人口增长、粮食安全问题关注度日益提升的背景下，2025-2027年，全球钾肥需求有望以3.2%的复合增速稳定增长。供给端，2026年底之前，全球钾肥新增产能有限，且海外主要新产能必和必拓单吨投资成本高，现有巨头老矿亦逐渐进入边际矿开采阶段，开采难度增加、开采成本提升。预计全球钾肥高景气中期有望持续。短期看，供应端，据中国无机盐工业协会公众号，俄罗斯和白俄罗斯今年预计减少出口 180万吨以上，另一方面，海运进口钾到货量有限，据隆众资讯，2025年9月11日，主要港口钾肥库存仅163万吨，位于2018年至今的3%分位数，远低于去年同期的309万吨，实际可售货源不足。6月12日，我国签订钾肥进口大合同346美元/吨（CFR），折合国内成本约2865元/吨，成本支撑较强，且该价格较一周前的印度大合同价格仅低3美元/吨，折射出当前全球钾肥供应偏紧。