The Health Hazard Evaluation Program received a request from employees at a medical office building. They were concerned about indoor environmental quality and exposure to sewer gas, specifically hydrogen sulfide. The medical office building was a four-story, concrete masonry office building constructed in the 1960s that had been renovated twice; the three main floors were converted into offices and exam rooms. The building was surrounded by manholes that had been identified as sources of odors. The building was within 30 feet of a 24-inch trunk line that carried sewage from approximately 60% of the surrounding area toward the wastewater treatment facility. Most of the building's current plumbing was the original cast iron waste and vent piping, which can become brittle and crack with age. We visited the facility in April 2013 and measured hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, temperature, and humidity levels throughout the building. We also inspected the building's heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning system. We did not detect hydrogen sulfide in the building. We found that carbon dioxide concentrations generally increased when moving further away from the supply air discharge point on each floor; outdoor air supplied to each floor was not uniformly distributed. Temperature and humidity were within ANSI/ASHRAE recommended levels. We found problems with duct dampers, heat pumps, and the computerized control system, and determined that air flowed from the restrooms into the hallways. We found odor sources within and near the building such as dry drain traps and manholes.

关键词：大气；空气污染；室内环境

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Two kinds of welding methods,including SMAW and GTAW,were employed to connect 16MnR steel and 2205 steel.OM and TEM was used to observe the microstructure.EDX line scan was used to analyze elements in special areas of the joint.The results show that the degree of carbon migration in the side of 16MnRofthe seam welded by GTAW is larger than that by SMAW.Particle and chain-island are two maiin form of Fe3C in micro-area of carbon migration.The grain size of seam material in GTAW section is larger than that of SMAW and the content of austenitic of seam material in GTAW section is more than that of SMAW.The tongues in the side of 16MnR appear in both two seams welded by SMAW and GTAW and they are parts from base metal.

关键词：异种钢；焊接方法；热输入；微观结构

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This paper presents a field investigation of pullout resistance of steel anchors in rock. The field testing involves pullout tests of six steel anchors installed in biotite gneiss rock by gravity grouting and pressure grouting methods. The field pullout tests suggest a progressive failure mechanism, which was manifested through the progressive elongation of the bond zone. The pressure-grouted anchors yielded higher pullout resistance than did the gravity-grouted anchors. The increase in rock-grout bond strength from pressure grouting is likely due to a combination of several factors including the resultant higher grout strength, higher rock-grout contact stresses, and grout injected under pressure into the fractures/fissures that existed in the bedrock.

关键词：岩石钢锚；钢铁；抗拔力

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The application of nanotechnology in the field of biology has given rise to a host of innovations ranging from diagnostics, biomedical sensors, targeted drug delivery systems, to the creation of integrated chips with scalable memory. Recently, increased investments in basic nanotechnology research and demand for improved convergence based product development, have led to the organization of national innovation ecosystems such as the National Nanotechnology Initiative in the United States, National Nanotechnology Initiative and associated National Nanotechnology Centre in Malaysia and the Australia Nanotechnology Network in Australia to name a few. While academic laboratories and spin-offs have served as epicenters of nanobiotechnology commercialization across these countries, the extent of commercialization of products across developed and emerging economies is largely driven by the maturity of innovation networks and knowledge flows surrounding the nanobiotechnology initiatives. In the wake of the global market challenges of the biopharmaceuticals, successful deployment of nanobiotechnology innovations in regional economies will depend on inclusive and adaptable innovation models that can be replicated globally. To that end, this commentary discusses the design of a hybrid innovation ecosystem that captures nanotechnology policy, stakeholders, and knowledge to facilitate accelerated nanobiotechnology commercialization. Examples of innovation ecosystems in the US, Malaysia and Australia are used to demonstrate the emergence of this hybrid model where research and human capacity development including knowledge dissemination between the participating stakeholders, are the overarching goals of the designed ecosystems. Objective of Commentary: In the context of the limitations of existing innovation models as static entities that have failed to accelerate innovation and commercialization of nanotechnology innovations in medicine, an adaptable hybrid ecosystem or AHE for effective commercialization of nanomedicine and emerging technologies is proposed . The adaptable hybrid ecosystem builds upon the concepts of National Systems of Innovation, Triple Helix Model and strategic arenas-a broad area of focus that engages contributions from multidisciplinary areas. The multistakeholder participatory approach of the AHE model is suggestive of a dynamic asset pool comprising customers, industries, universities and international governments that enable technology commercialization in emerging areas such as nanomedicine and nanotechnology by the influence of fundamental paradigm shifts discussed in this paper.

关键词：纳米生物技术；融合创新；三重螺旋模型；生物医学

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A template of pre-crash scenarios is presented to depict national crash statistics and kinematic information of time-to-collision for the design of appropriate crash countermeasures based on vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications. This template serves the development of functional requirements, performance specifications, test procedures, and benefits estimation for potential light-vehicle V2V safety applications. A set of ten pre-crash scenarios is suggested as a priority list to be addressed by V2V technology for light vehicles (i.e., passenger cars, vans and minivans, sport utility vehicles, and light pickup trucks with gross vehicle weight ratings of 10,000 pounds or less). This report presents the time-to-collision equations as well as the crash statistics for each of the ten priority scenarios based on data available in the General Estimates System, National Motor Vehicle Crash Causation Survey, and Event Data Recorder databases.

关键词：汽车；安全通信；撞车

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Despite the large burden of osteoporotic fractures, their associated complications, and costs to military personnel and veterans, there is considerable controversy about how to screen for and treat osteoporosis in men. The recommendations of clinical practice guidelines vary in how to select men to be screened, and the United States Preventive Services Task Force recently found insufficient evidence to recommend screening and treatment of osteoporosis in men at all, citing a lack of studies measuring fracture outcomes. This project will develop a large database combining Veterans Affairs and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) information on bone health risk factors and outcomes. We will use this database to determine the benefits of osteoporosis screening, including rates of fractures and mortality. We will quantify the harms of osteoporosis screening and treatment, including rare but important side effects such as heart disease, esophageal cancer, and atypical fractures. We will prospectively measure healthcare costs in the screened and unscreened individuals, and model the impact of different screening selection criteria on healthcare system costs. The goal is to develop evidence-based male osteoporosis screening recommendations that optimize benefits to patients, while minimizing harms and health system costs. This study will establish the largest male osteoporosis database in the United States, including over 5.5 million screened and unscreened individuals followed for up to 10 years; prior studies have included fewer than 6000 screened men. Our study team includes representatives from important stakeholder groups including VA Patient Care Services, Pharmacy Benefits Management, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and professional societies. Therefore, the results of this study will have a high impact on osteoporosis care for male veterans, and will inform healthcare policy nationally.

关键词：骨质疏松症；心血管疾病；成本

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Interest to the nanomedicine has increased dramatically during past years. Since nanotechnology has the potential to have a revolutionary impact on cancer diagnosis and therapy, is there a major challenge to produce magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) suitable for biomedical applications. In this review the main theoretical views on the properties, synthesis, characterization, functionalization, and bioapplication of MNPs in the current context of science are considered. This review examines some of the recent developments in MNPs technology and provides a brief background of their applications and results of in-vitro and in-vivo, animal and clinical experiments of targeted drug delivery. Finally, some of the recent biological, medical and scientific applications of MNPs are briefly reviewed, and some future trends and perspectives in these research areas will be outlined.

关键词：纳米；生物医学；靶向给药

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Falls and debilitating bone fractures are a major problem for veterans, and more than 40,000 veterans suffered hip fractures from 2000-2002. Falls are the main etiological factor in more than 90% of fractures, and so treatments that can improve muscle strength while at the same time increasing bone mass will significantly reduce fracture-related morbidity and mortality. Myostatin is a factor that induces muscle wasting and suppresses bone formation. Our data collected thus far demonstrate: (i) myostatin suppresses proliferation of aged, but not young, myoblasts, (ii) myostatin is elevated with age in muscles composed primarily of slow-twitch fibers (e.g. soleus), and (iii) myostatin increases muscle mass and muscle fiber size in aged mice. These findings suggest that myostatin inhibitors may have potential for suppressing muscle wasting and improving muscle repair in older individuals, but their effect on bone may be less significant.

关键词：骨折；病因；髋；抑制剂；肌肉

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The analysis of microarray and similar high-dimensional datasets requires advanced visualization techniques that are now more readily available in standard analysis tools of choice for most life scientists. While the above-described visualization techniques may help confirm and/or form new hypotheses, it is important to stress that other sources of data such as pathways, ontologies, and external and previously published data can augment primary microarray experiment data, making it more complex, but in many ways easier to comprehend. We should not neglect the domain expertise that can play a major role in microarray data analysis since only a domain expert may be able to determine whether identified patterns or lists of genes carry biological significance, and has the capacity to test them in a wet lab setting. In any case, microarrays proved to be an indispensable technology for studies related to the behavior of genes under various conditions. The techniques described above represent the basis for the visual analysis of microarray experiment data and are an important step of its general analysis. At the same time, they serve as a stepping stone for further utilization with advanced and novel visual techniques in the rapidly evolving field of biomedical visualization.

关键词：芯片；生物医学；高维数据集

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In the absence of validated national benchmarks, or norms, this document stresses the need for each community paramedicine program to define its system-specific health status benchmarks and performance indicators and to use a variety of community health and public health interventions to improve the community's health status. The document also addresses reducing the burden of illness, chronic disease, and injury as a community-wide public health problem, not strictly as a patient care issue. Opportunities to review community paramedicine programs are beneficial because they allow for the assessment of the status of EMS activities and move systems forward in developing inclusive and comprehensive systems of care. Many EMS programs conduct their own internal or external reviews, and it is hoped that this document will serve as another tool used by these programs to assess the current status of community paramedicine programs and to provide guidance on future system enhancements. The assessment tool also provides a common framework by which data can be collected from multiple community paramedicine programs and aggregated to develop a snapshot of common successes and challenges. While the tool should be useful across both urban and rural programs it is specifically designed to address rural settings where community health/public health resources are often very limited. By encouraging emerging rural community paramedicine programs to use this evaluation framework as a planning tool, it should be possible to create stronger partnerships and linkages with scarce rural resources.

关键词：护人员；社区；公共健康；评估；医药

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